Using terrestrial LiDAR to accurately measure the microgeomorphologic geometry of active fault: A case study of fault scarp on the Maoyaba fault zone
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摘要: 受地壳内部持续运动和沉积、风化等自然动力及人类生产与生活活动影响，活断层微地貌形态往往比较复杂，传统测量方法较难快速、高效地获取大范围内精细化的活断层微地貌形态，激光雷达扫描技术的出现和发展为活断层微地貌的精细化与定量化研究提供了新的技术手段。以川西理塘毛垭坝盆地北缘的正断层崖为研究对象，利用地面LiDAR获取活断层微地貌高精度点云后，经过点云配准、滤波、重采样和三角构网处理后，建立了0.05 m分辨率的数字高程模型和真彩色三维模型，在此基础上分析了断层崖地貌特征，并获取了正断层错动两期最新地貌面的精确垂直位错量。研究结果表明，地面LiDAR技术是精细测量活断层微地貌形态和量化相关地貌特征参数的有效手段，提高了活断层微地貌形态测量的精度和认识水平。Abstract: The micro-geomorphologic geometry of active fault is often complex due to the natural dynamics, such as high degree of sedimentation and erosion, and man-made activities. It is difficult for traditional measurement methods to quickly and efficiently obtain the high-precision geomorphological geometry of fault scarp and to acquire fault displacement in a large scale. Light Detection And Ranging (LiDAR) provides a new technology for the quantitative study of the micro-geomorphologic geometry of active fault. In this study, the high-precision point cloud data of micro-geomorphologic geometry of the fault scarp are obtained by the terrestrial LiDAR on the Maoyaba fault. After the registration, filter, resample and irregular triangular mesh modeling processing of the point cloud data, the 0.05 m high-resolution DEM and the true color three-dimensional model are generated. On this basis, the geomorphic features of the fault scarp are analyzed, and the vertical displacements of two landforms produced by the latest two periods of normal faulting are obtained. The results show that the terrestrial LiDAR technology is an effective method to accurately measure the micro-geomorphic morphology of active fault and to quantify the relevant geomorphic characteristic parameters, which improves the precision and understanding level of the micro-geomorphologic geometry of active fault.
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Key words:
- Maoyaba fault /
- point cloud /
- fault scarp /
- DEM /
- vertical displacement
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图 7 断层崖三维建模效果
a—点云图(高程显示)；b—真彩色点云图；c—DEM；d—真彩色三维模型图
Figure 7. 3D modeling of the fault scarp
图 8 断层崖地貌特征分析
a—坡度图；b—等高线图(等高距为0.5 m)；c—坡度图和等高线图叠加效果图；d—三维地表模型(1~6为地形剖面)
Figure 8. Slope maps and contour maps of the fault scarp
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