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页岩各向异性力学特性微观测试方法研究

贾锁刚 万有余 王倩 刘世铎 刘又铭 王志晟 叶禹 齐春艳

贾锁刚, 万有余, 王倩, 等, 2021. 页岩各向异性力学特性微观测试方法研究. 地质力学学报, 27 (1): 10-18. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.002
引用本文: 贾锁刚, 万有余, 王倩, 等, 2021. 页岩各向异性力学特性微观测试方法研究. 地质力学学报, 27 (1): 10-18. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.002
JIA Suogang, WAN Youyu, WANG Qian, et al., 2021. Research on the micro-scale method for testing the mechanical anisotropy of shale. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (1): 10-18. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.002
Citation: JIA Suogang, WAN Youyu, WANG Qian, et al., 2021. Research on the micro-scale method for testing the mechanical anisotropy of shale. Journal of Geomechanics, 27 (1): 10-18. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.002

页岩各向异性力学特性微观测试方法研究

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2021.27.01.002
基金项目: 

中国石油天然气股份有限公司重大科技专项 2016E-0105

详细信息
    作者简介:

    贾锁刚(1965-), 男, 硕士, 教授级高级工程师, 从事增产措施和采油工艺研究。E-mail: jsgqh@petrochina.com.cn

    通讯作者:

    王倩(1983-), 女, 博士, 高级工程师, 从事钻完井工程地质力学研究。E-mail: wangqiandri@cnpc.com.cn

  • 中图分类号: TE142

Research on the micro-scale method for testing the mechanical anisotropy of shale

  • 摘要: 页岩力学各向异性特征是地应力、井壁稳定、水力裂缝扩展相关研究的重要基础参数。针对页岩力学各向异性宏观测试中存在样品制取困难、制样成功率低的特点,采用来源丰富的钻井岩屑或破碎岩块,通过研究纳米压痕实验原理、实验方法和数据解释方法,采用连续刚度测试方法对平行层理和垂直层理的页岩试样进行纳米压痕测试;基于硬度的分类准则将纳米压痕数据分为三类主要矿物基质进行合理解释,采用接触刚度法计算硬度、杨氏模量,采用能量法计算断裂韧性,得出了页岩粘土基质的杨氏模量、硬度和断裂韧性。测试结果表明这种基于硬度的分类准则处理纳米压痕数据是方便合理的。页岩粘土基质力学特性在纳米尺度上具有各向异性,纳米尺度力学参数与层理方向相关。页岩不同力学参数的各向异性表现不同,杨氏模量各向异性较弱,断裂韧性各向异性较强。平行层理方向断裂韧性为垂直层理方向断裂韧性的80%。

     

  • 图  1  纳米压痕实验原理

    Figure  1.  Principle of the nano-indentation test

    图  2  纳米压痕测试制样示意图

    Figure  2.  Schematic diagram of the sample preparation for the nano-indentation tests

    图  3  纳米压痕测试曲线

    Figure  3.  Curves drawn through the nano-indentation tests

    图  4  纳米压痕微观图

    Figure  4.  Micrographs taken in the nano-indentation tests

    图  5  纳米压痕测试平均曲线

    Figure  5.  Mean curves drawn through the nano-indentation tests

    图  6  水平层理试样与竖直层理试样力学参数对比分析

    Figure  6.  Comparison and analysis of mechanical parameters for the samples with horizontal bedding and vertical bedding

    表  1  元素含量

    Table  1.   Element contents

    原子 原子含量/%
    O1s 62.2
    Si2p 16.1
    C1s 9.2
    Al2p 6.6
    K2p 2.2
    Na1s 2.1
    Ca2p 0.8
    Fe2p 0.5
    N1s 0.2
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  页岩试样粘土基质力学参数汇总表

    Table  2.   Mechanical parameters for clay matrix in the samples

    编号 分组 样品编号 粘土基质
    硬度H/GPa 杨氏模量E/GPa 断裂韧性Kc/MPa·m1/2 标准差
    1 1 2-V1 1.60 49.24 1.06 0.12
    2 2-V1 1.71 47.22 1.68 0.56
    3 2 3-H1 1.19 35.36 1.93 0.25
    4 3-H1 1.26 41.83 2.66 0.21
    5 3-H2 1.28 34.82 1.68 0.13
    6 3-H2 1.49 41.45 1.99 0.21
    7 3 4-H1 1.53 57.59 2.02 0.15
    8 4-H1 1.55 56.76 2.69 0.35
    9 4-H2 1.18 49.40 1.91 0.77
    10 4-H2 2.06 61.80 2.54 0.48
    11 4-V1 1.38 32.83 1.38 0.43
    12 4-V1 1.08 39.92 1.41 0.44
    13 4 5-H1 - - - -
    14 5-H1 1.12 30.94 1.80 0.51
    15 5-H2 2.68 69.86 2.92 -
    16 5-H2 1.12 48.67 1.89 -
    17 5-V1 2.44 62.19 2.86 0.35
    18 5-V1 1.99 45.07 2.05 -
    19 5 6-H1 2.46 63.44 3.32 1.22
    20 6-H1 1.68 56.24 1.42 0.45
    21 6-H2 2.03 56.10 1.86 0.63
    22 6-H2 2.61 59.47 2.63 0.55
    23 6-V1 3.05 53.16 3.29 0.42
    24 6-V1 3.57 67.41 3.25 0.93
    25 6 7-H1 1.61 40.42 1.66 0.54
    26 7-H1 0.88 23.95 1.36 0.15
    27 7-H2 1.71 55.09 1.70 0.08
    28 7-H2 2.06 59.54 2.29 0.52
    29 7-V1 1.85 53.86 3.19 0.48
    30 7-V1 1.91 45.19 2.12 0.11
    31 7 8-H1 1.78 57.06 2.55 0.61
    32 8-H1 2.26 70.99 2.85 0.21
    33 8-H2 1.98 71.24 2.43 0.26
    34 8-H2 2.15 68.81 2.99 0.17
    35 8-V1 2.26 74.96 2.69 0.31
    36 8-V1 2.46 75.02 2.99 0.18
    37 8 9-H1 2.27 70.78 2.25 0.20
    38 9-H1 2.26 75.23 2.33 0.48
    39 9-H2 2.16 70.40 2.14 0.23
    40 9-H2 1.64 18.98 1.36 0.18
    41 9-V1 2.27 71.83 2.61 0.34
    42 9-V1 2.28 73.85 2.59 0.28
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  页岩试样三轴力学参数汇总表

    Table  3.   Triaxial mechanical parameters of the shale samples

    编号 分组 样品编号 围压/MPa 宏观杨氏模量/GPa 泊松比 微观杨氏模量/GPa 偏差
    1 1 4-H1 20 55.61 0.29 57.18 2.8%
    2 4-H2 30 58.68 0.30 55.60 5.2%
    3 2 5-H1 20 46.80 0.23 30.94 33.9%
    4 5-H2 30 57.63 0.30 59.27 2.8%
    5 3 6-H1 20 58.42 0.29 59.84 2.4%
    6 6-H2 30 62.30 0.27 57.79 7.2%
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2019-12-12
  • 修回日期:  2020-10-31
  • 刊出日期:  2021-02-28

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