New progress and breakthrough difficulties on shale gas geological survey in the lower Yangtze area
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摘要: 围绕长江经济带清洁能源体系建设对页岩气突破的重大需求，在充分整合长江下游地区以往地质和物探资料的基础上，系统开展了1：25万页岩气基础地质调查，在苏皖南沿江坳陷带、江西萍乐-浙江钱塘坳陷带、南华北地区"两带一区"实施了10口页岩气调查井，基本查明了主要工作区古生界二叠系、志留系、奥陶系、寒武系富有机质泥页岩成藏地质条件，有9口井分别在三叠、二叠、志留、寒武系4套层系获得页岩气、致密砂岩气、煤层气、页岩油、裂缝性砂岩油、裂缝性灰岩油"三气三油"的重要新发现，深化了二叠系和志留系成藏地质认识，探索了三叠系、奥陶系和寒武系含油气性，开辟了新区新层系，揭示了下扬子及南华北中—古生界油气页岩气资源勘查潜力。圈定了10个远景区，初步评价了9个远景区主要目标层的远景资源量，解决了资源前景问题；讨论了制约下扬子页岩气调查突破的卡脖子问题，提出了下一步突破的方向。Abstract: Shale gas breakthroughs are in urgent need in the construction of clean energy system in the Yangtze River Economic Belt. The previous geological and geophysical data in the lower Yangtze area were fully integrated,and a 1:250000 shale gas geological survey was systematically carried out in the lower Yangtze area. Ten shale gas wells were drilled in the "two belts and one zone",which includes the depression belt along the Yangtze River in the southern regions of Jiangsu and Anhui,the Jiangxi Pingle-Zhejiang Qiantang depression belt,and the southern North China zone. The geological accumulation conditions of organic-rich shales in the Permian,Silurian,Ordovician and Cambrian were basically identified. Among those formations,"three types of gas and three types of oil",including shale gas,tight sandstone gas,coal bed gas,shale oil,fractured sandstone oil and fractured limestone oil,were discovered from nine wells. The great discoveries deepened our understanding of Permian and Silurian hydrocarbon accumulations. The hydrocarbon-bearing properties of the Triassic,Ordovician and Cambrian were explored. Meanwhile,the new zones and layers were established and the potential for hydrocarbon and shale gas exploration were revealed in the lower Yangtze and southern North China in the Meso-Palaeozoic. In the research,ten shale gas prospecting areas were delineated. The preliminary evaluation of the prospective resources of the main target layers in nine shale gas prospecting areas was completed and the problems of resource prospects were solved. At last the bottlenecks in the lower Yangtze shale gas exploration were discussed and the direction of breakthrough was put forward.
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图 1 下扬子“三带”构造区划及研究区“两带一区”、10个远景区、6个有利区分布
Figure 1. Distribution of six favorable areas, ten prospecting areas and the "two belts and one zone" in the research area and the structural division of the "three belts" of the lower Yangtze and the southern North China zone
图 2 下扬子与南华北区构造控盆(坳、凹)、盆地(坳或凹陷)控相、相控成藏的关系图版
Figure 2. Relationship of tectonics-controlled basin (depression, sag), basin-controlled(depression or sag)facies and facies-controlled reservoir formation in the lower Y angtze area and the southern North China zone
图 3 安徽宣城远景区二叠系大隆组底界埋深构造图
Figure 3. Structural map of the bottom boundary burial depth of the Permian Dalong group in the Xuancheng prospecting area, Anhui Province
图 4 皖宣地1井(WXD1)地层与测录井综合柱状图(1:200)
Figure 4. Comprehensive histogram of stratigraphic units and logging of the Well WXD1 (1:200)
图 5 皖江坳陷区下志留统高家边组底界埋深构造图及皖南地1井(WND1)和皖含地1井(WHD1)位置分布
Figure 5. Structural map of the bottom boundary burial depth of the Lower Silurian Gaojiabian group in the depression zone along the Yangtze River in Anhui, and positions of the Wells WND1 and WHD1
图 6 皖南地1井(WND1)地层与测录井综合柱状图(1:200)
Figure 6. Comprehensive histogram of stratigraphic units and logging of the Well WND1 (1:200)
图 7 宿州远景区宿南向斜有利区三维地质模型、皖埇地1井(WYD1)、皖潘地1井(WPD1)录井显示特征
Figure 7. 3D geological model of the Suzhou prospecting area and the logging characteristics of the Wells WYD1 and WPD1
图 8 皖潘地1井(WPD1)地层与测录井综合柱状图(1:200)
Figure 8. Comprehensive histogram of stratigraphic units and logging of the Well WPD1 (1:200)
图 9 江西萍乐坳陷丰城—高安远景区二叠系乐平组底界埋深构造图(丰城远景区曲江向斜有利区赣丰地1井GFD1、高安远景区相城向斜有利区赣高地1井GGD1)
Figure 9. Structural map of the bottom boundary burial depth of the Permian Leping group in the Fengcheng-Gaoan prospecting area, Jiangxi Province(The Well GFD1 in the syncline-favorable area in Quqiang, Fengcheng prospecting area; The Well GGD1 in the syncline-favorable area in Xiangcheng, Gaoan prospecting area)
图 10 赣丰地1井(GFD1)地层与测录井综合柱状图(1:200)
Figure 10. Comprehensive histogram of stratigraphic units and logging of the Well GFD1 (1:200)
图 11 下扬子地区上、下古生界地层地温梯度
Figure 11. Geothermal gradient of the upper and lower Paleozoic formations in the lower Yangtze area
图 12 下扬子地区古生界二叠系生烃门限深度和地层温度
Figure 12. Temperature and depth of hydrocarbon threshold in the Paleozoic Permian formations in the lower Yangtze area
图 13 水平应力与地层压力耦合关系
Figure 13. Coupling relationship between horizontal stress and formation pressure
图 14 皖南古生界二叠系、志留系、奥陶系孔隙度分布及其与渗透率的相关关系
Figure 14. Relationship between porosity and permeability, and porosity characteristics of the Paleozoic Permian, Silurian and Ordovician in southern Anhui
图 15 下扬子和南华北区古生界二叠系页岩压力-含气量的关系图版(实验室模拟换算：500~7400 m，30~250 ℃)
Figure 15. Relationship chart between formation pressure and gas content in the Paleozoic Permian shales in the lower Yangtze area and the southern Nouth China zone (laboratory simulation conversion: 500~7400 m, 30~250 ℃)
图 16 皖南沿江坳陷区二叠系大隆组底面现今埋深构造图(三维构造建模结果)
Figure 16. Structural map of the present bottom boundary burial depth of the Permian Dalong group in the depression zone along the Yangtze River in southern Anhui (3D Modeling)
图 17 上下构造层构造变形方式及隔槽式、隔挡式褶皱的转换(据王宗秀等，2019修改)
Figure 17. Structural deformation mode of the upper and lower structural layers and the conversion of slot and block fold(modified after Wang et al., 2019)
图 18 皖南沿江坳陷区“三带”与古生界富有机质泥页岩分布及富烃凹陷分布
Figure 18. "Three belts" in the depression zone along the Yangtze River in southern Anhui and the distribution of organic shales in the Paleozoic and hydrocarbon-rich sags
图 19 皖南沿江坳陷区印支晚期古生界沉积盆地原型
Figure 19. Prototype of the Late Indosinian Paleozoic sedimentary basin in the depression zone along the Yangtze River in southern Anhui
表 1 下扬子及南华北区主要远景区页岩气资源量及资源量丰度
Table 1. Resources estimation and resources abundance of shale gas in the main prospecting areas in the lower Yangtze area and the southern Nouth China zone
按资源量丰度排序 远景区 目的层 面积/
km2预测资源量/
×108 m3资源量丰度/
×108(m3/km2)1 江西丰城远景区 P(乐平组、茅口组、小江边组) 2688 21814.74 8.116 2 安徽宿州远景区 P(上石盒子组、下石盒子组、山西组、太原组) 7598 26930.16 3.544 3 安徽淮南远景区 P(上石盒子组、下石盒子组、山西组、太原组) 6986 18670.26 2.673 4 江西高安远景区 P(乐平组、茅口组、小江边组) 5860 10748.73 1.834 5 安徽宣城远景区 P(大隆组、龙潭组、孤峰组、栖霞组) 3809 4443.23 1.167 6 安徽巢湖—含山远景区 O3w—S1g(上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统高家边组) 3339 2266.47 0.679 7 安徽南陵远景区 O3w—S1g(上奥陶统五峰组-下志留统高家边组) 2936 1175.79 0.400 8 浙江江山远景区 ∈1h(下寒武统荷塘组) 5036 1993.53 0.396 9 浙江桐庐远景区 O2h—n(中奥陶统胡乐组、宁国组) 4538 881.14 0.194 合计 下扬子中带、南带及南华北淮南、宿州地区 42790 88924.05 — 
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