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西南天山阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物地球化学特征及地质意义

张涛 陈正乐 黄宏业 张文高 张青 潘家永 周振菊 邹明亮 冯宏业 王晓虎 韩凤彬 孙岳 霍海龙 马骥 杨斌

张涛, 陈正乐, 黄宏业, 等, 2020. 西南天山阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物地球化学特征及地质意义. 地质力学学报, 26 (3): 443-458. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.03.038
引用本文: 张涛, 陈正乐, 黄宏业, 等, 2020. 西南天山阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物地球化学特征及地质意义. 地质力学学报, 26 (3): 443-458. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.03.038
ZHANG Tao, CHEN Zhengle, HUANG Hongye, et al., 2020. Geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing minerals and its geological significance in the Ashawayi gold deposit in the southwestern Tianshan Orogen. Journal of Geomechanics, 26 (3): 443-458. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.03.038
Citation: ZHANG Tao, CHEN Zhengle, HUANG Hongye, et al., 2020. Geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing minerals and its geological significance in the Ashawayi gold deposit in the southwestern Tianshan Orogen. Journal of Geomechanics, 26 (3): 443-458. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.03.038

西南天山阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物地球化学特征及地质意义

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2020.26.03.038
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41772085

国家自然科学基金项目 41902214

"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目 2018YFC0604005

"十二五"国家科技支撑计划项目 2015BAB05B04

中国地质科学研究院基本科研业务费项目 DZLXJK201904

中国核工业集团有限公司项目 3210402

中国核工业集团有限公司项目 LTD1602

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张涛(1992-), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要从事矿床地质和矿田构造解析研究。E-mail:759886021@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    陈正乐(1967-), 男, 博士, 研究员, 主要从事矿田构造方面研究。E-mail:chenzhengle@263.net

  • 中图分类号: P618.51

Geochemical characteristics of gold-bearing minerals and its geological significance in the Ashawayi gold deposit in the southwestern Tianshan Orogen

  • 摘要: 阿沙哇义金矿床是中国新疆西南天山目前探明的第二大金矿,是中亚造山带南缘"亚洲金腰带"的重要组成部位。野外构造调查表明,研究区在古生代期间经历了由挤压变形发展为走滑伸展两次构造作用,成矿发生在挤压变形到走滑伸展转换时期。运用矿相学、电子探针、扫描电镜及S同位素等方法确定矿床载金矿物、金的赋存状态、成矿物质来源等,结果表明:阿沙哇义金矿载金矿物主要为含砷黄铁矿、部分毒砂。含砷黄铁矿分为沉积成岩期(Py1)、成矿早期(Py2)、成矿期(Py3);Py2、Py3富As、Te,亏S、Fe,S、As呈明显负相关;Co/Ni比值显示黄铁矿属沉积-热液成因。Au以纳米级"可见"自然金(Au0)形式存在于含砷黄铁矿中。黄铁矿、辉锑矿δ34S为9.5‰~16.3‰,显示成矿流体中硫为海相硫酸盐热化学还原产物,成矿物质来自赋矿地层。矿床属典型的中浅成造山型金矿,矿床埋藏较浅,矿区深部具有很好的找矿潜力。

     

  • 图  1  天山造山带构造简图和西南天山区域地质及矿产分布示意图

    1—第四系;2—新近系—古近系;3—中生界;4—二叠系;5—石炭—泥盆系;6—下古生界;7—前寒武系;8—花岗岩
    a—天山造山带构造简图(据Zhang et al., 2017修改);b—西南天山区域地质及矿产分布示意图

    Figure  1.  Tectonic map of deposits in the Tianshan orogenic belt and geology and distribution of deposits in the southwestern Tianshan orogenic belt

    图  2  阿沙哇义金矿区地质简图和典型剖面图

    1—第四系冲积物;2—下更新统西域组;3—中新统乌恰组;4—下二叠统比尤列提群;5—上石炭统康克林组;6—上石炭统喀拉治尔加组上亚组;7—上石炭统喀拉治尔加组下亚组;8—中石炭统比京他乌组;9—中石炭统艾克提克组;10—中泥盆统沙拉依姆群;11—下志留统柯坪塔格组
    a—阿沙哇义金矿区地质简图;b—AB典型剖面图

    Figure  2.  Regional geological map of the Ashawayi gold deposit and the typical section

    图  3  阿沙哇义金矿床地质图

    1—第四系冲积物;2—第四系残坡积物;3—第四系洪冲积物;4—上石炭统喀拉治尔加组上段;5—上石炭统喀拉治尔加组下段;6—断裂构造;7—矿体(深部矿体投影)

    Figure  3.  Geological map of the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  4  阿沙哇义金矿145勘探线剖面图

    Figure  4.  Profile of the prospecting line 145 in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  5  阿沙哇义金矿床矿体野外地质特征

    a—M型褶皱;b—紧闭A型褶皱;c—探槽29中次级逆冲断裂;d, e—硅化破碎带;f—网脉状石英脉

    Figure  5.  Field geological characteristics of the orebodies in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  6  岩石变形特征及显微组构

    Q—石英;Cal—方解石
    a—韧透镜状石英,定向拉长;b—围岩发生柔皱;c—氧化型矿石中黄铁矿呈透镜状;d—早期石英脉被晚期石英脉切穿;e—石英波状消光、定向拉长,呈拔丝状;f—晚期方解石脉切穿早期石英脉

    Figure  6.  Rock deformation characteristics and microstructures

    图  7  阿沙哇义金矿床原生型矿石特征

    a—与石英共生的黄铁矿细脉;b—沿千枚岩片理发育的脉状黄铁矿;c—透镜状、柔皱黄铁矿细脉;d—星点状(集合体)黄铁矿

    Figure  7.  Characteristics of native ores in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  8  阿沙哇义金矿床金属矿物显微学特征

    Py—黄铁矿;Apy—毒砂;Ccp—黄铜矿;Lm—褐铁矿;Sb—辉锑矿

    Figure  8.  Microscopic characteristics of metalliferous minerals in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  9  阿沙哇义金矿床金属硫化物扫描电镜背散射照片

    Py—黄铁矿;Apy—毒砂;Ccp—黄铜矿;Td—黝铜矿;Gn—方铅矿;Sb—辉锑矿;Lm—褐铁矿

    Figure  9.  SEM-BSE photos of the metal sulfides in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  10  阿沙哇义金矿床黄铁矿特征元素图解

    a—δFe-δS;b—As-S;c—Fe-Te;d—Fe-(Co+Pb)

    Figure  10.  Graphs of δFe-δS, As-S, Fe-Te and Fe-(Co+Pb) of the pyrites in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  11  阿沙哇义金矿床黄铁矿特征元素图解关系

    a—Co-Ni图解(Ⅰ—沉积成因;Ⅱ—热液成因;Ⅲ—火山成因);b—含砷黄铁矿Au-As图解(据Reich et al., 2005)

    Figure  11.  Co-Ni of the pyrites and correlation of Au-As contents in the arsenian pyrites in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    图  12  阿沙哇义金矿床S同位素组成(张宏飞和高山,2012)

    Figure  12.  S isotope composition in the Ashawayi gold deposit (Zhang and Gao, 2012)

    图  13  造山型金矿矿床尺度地壳连续成矿模式

    a—洋壳俯冲体制的造山型成矿系统元素垂向分带模式(据Groves et al., 1998修改);b—大陆碰撞体制的造山型成矿系统元素垂向分带模式(据陈衍景,2006修改)

    Figure  13.  Scale crust continuous metallogenic model for the orogenic-type gold deposit

    表  1  阿沙哇义金矿床金属硫化物电子探针测试结果(wt%)

    Table  1.   EPMA test results of the metal sulphide in the Ashawayi gold deposit(wt%)

    样品编号 测点 测试矿物 As Se Zn S Ge Fe Pb Ni Ag Co Sb Au Te Cu Bi 总量 期次
    ZK16901-1 1 黄铁矿 0.19 / 0.12 52.03 / 46.04 / / / 0.39 0.03 0.22 0.11 0.10 / 99.23 Py1
    BZK16901-2 1 黄铁矿 0.19 / / 52.70 / 46.22 / 0.16 / 0.00 / / 0.06 / / 99.33 Py1
    ZK1602-3D 2 黄铁矿 0.00 / / 53.39 / 46.51 / / / 0.10 0.09 / 0.00 0.12 / 100.21 Py1
    3 黄铁矿 0.02 0.03 0.12 53.00 / 46.21 / / / 0.13 0.10 / 0.05 / / 99.66 Py1
    ZK1602-10 1 黄铁矿 0.28 0.04 / 53.33 / 46.15 0.10 / / 0.05 / / 0.00 / / 99.95 Py1
    K16138-5 1 黄铁矿 0.34 0.03 / 52.94 / 43.97 / 2.06 / 0.81 / / 0.09 / / 100.24 Py1
    K16143-1 1 黄铁矿 0.00 / / 52.76 / 45.75 0.11 0.30 / 0.15 / 0.23 0.08 / / 99.38 Py1
    ZK1602-3D 4 黄铁矿 2.19 / / 51.21 0.06 45.06 0.16 / / 0.17 / / 0.11 / 0.14 99.10 Py2
    ZK1602-3F 1 黄铁矿 1.54 / / 51.80 / 45.96 0.18 / / 0.14 / / 0.00 / / 99.62 Py2
    ZK1602-3F 2 黄铁矿 1.97 0.04 / 51.19 / 45.71 0.18 / / 0.11 / / 0.00 / / 99.20 Py2
    ZK1602-3F 5 黄铁矿 4.86 0.04 / 48.66 / 45.87 0.10 0.09 / 0.07 / / 0.00 / / 99.69 Py2
    ZK1602-8 1 黄铁矿 2.47 / / 51.54 / 45.31 0.00 / 0.04 0.08 / 0.35 0.06 / / 99.85 Py2
    ZK1602-9 2 黄铁矿 4.27 / / 49.64 / 45.24 0.26 / / 0.00 / / 0.16 / / 99.57 Py2
    K16137-3 1 黄铁矿 3.03 / / 50.74 / 44.83 0.00 / / 0.06 / / 0.07 0.12 / 98.85 Py2
    ZK1602-10 4 黄铁矿 0.92 / 0.11 52.26 / 45.93 0.00 / / 0.15 / / 0.07 / / 99.44 Py2
    K16139-1 1 黄铁矿 2.15 / / 51.45 0.02 45.44 0.09 0.15 0.03 0.23 / / 0.00 / / 99.56 Py2
    K16144-1A 2 黄铁矿 1.02 0.04 0.11 52.22 / 45.36 0.14 0.07 / 0.09 0.15 / 0.07 / / 99.27 Py2
    ZK1602-3B 1 黄铁矿 2.61 0.06 0.11 50.82 / 44.96 / 0.09 / 0.11 / / 0.05 0.09 0.12 99.02 Py3
    ZK1602-3D 1 黄铁矿 4.57 0.12 / 49.66 / 44.86 0.10 / / 0.08 0.04 / 0.09 / / 99.52 Py3
    ZK1602-10 3 黄铁矿 5.50 / 0.11 49.25 / 44.32 0.09 0.32 / 0.09 / / 0.08 / 0.22 99.98 Py3
    ZK1602-3B 2 毒砂 38.76 0.04 / 22.60 / 37.42 / / 0.05 0.14 / 0.81 / / 0.13 99.95 /
    ZK1602-3F 3 毒砂 40.41 0.08 / 21.47 / 36.20 / 0.46 / 0.20 / / / / / 98.82 /
    6 毒砂 41.77 / / 21.18 / 35.47 / 0.22 / 0.07 / / / / 0.14 98.85 /
    ZK1602-8 2 毒砂 41.69 0.06 0.16 21.23 / 35.63 / / / 0.13 / / / / / 98.90 /
    3 毒砂 39.48 0.03 0.13 22.85 / 37.30 0.09 / 0.04 0.11 / / 0.05 / / 100.08 /
    ZK1602-9 1 毒砂 40.89 / / 21.76 / 37.12 / / / 0.14 / / 0.10 / / 100.01 /
    ZK1602-10 2 毒砂 43.47 / / 20.61 0.04 35.95 / / / 0.09 / / / / / 100.16 /
    ZK1602-3B 3 褐铁矿 0.60 0.10 / 20.84 0.03 0.78 10.04 0.14 / / 19.86 / / 14.06 0.16 66.61 /
    ZK1602-3F 4 黝铜矿 1.80 / 4.45 25.51 / 5.43 / / 0.20 / 24.61 / / 37.67 / 99.67 /
    ZK1601-14 1 黄铜矿 / 0.04 / 34.34 / 30.75 / 0.06 / 0.10 / / 0.06 34.05 0.08 99.48 /
    ZK16901-5 1 黄铜矿 / 0.08 / 34.74 0.02 30.05 / / / 0.07 / / 0.05 34.01 / 99.02 /
    K16144-1A 1 辉锑矿 0.14 0.03 / 28.55 0.03 / / / / 0.13 71.22 / / / / 100.10 /
    K16144-1B 1 辉锑矿 0.18 0.04 0.10 28.00 / / 0.11 / / 0.14 70.16 / / / 0.11 98.84 /
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  阿沙哇义金矿金属硫化物硫同位素测试结果

    Table  2.   S isotope test results of the metal sulfides in the Ashawayi gold deposit

    序号 样号 测试矿物 δ34SV-CDT/‰
    1 K16143-1 黄铁矿 9.4
    2 K16144-1A 辉锑矿 16.3
    3 K16144-1B 辉锑矿 15.4
    下载: 导出CSV
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