Analysis of ore-controlling structure in the Changgou gold deposit of the northern Hanyin gold orefield, southern Qinling Mountains
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摘要: 南秦岭汉阴北部金矿田含矿岩系主要是志留系梅子垭岩组中浅变质岩层，该套地层经历了中生代的构造变形，复杂多样，其中发育的脆-韧性剪切带成为梅子垭岩组发育蚀变岩型金矿富集的良好场所。通过对汉阴北部金矿田近年新发现的长沟金矿区及周邻区带成矿地质背景、控矿构造特征等进行解析研究，结合以往资料，总结汉阴北部金矿田该类型金矿床的控矿构造特征和成矿规律，初步探讨长沟金矿床的热液成因类型。研究发现汉阴北部金矿田区发育有五条脆-韧性剪切带，其构造样式、变质作用具多样性和多期性，其中第二期变形与金成矿作用关系密切；长沟金矿区受区域DSZ3(≈RF5)脆-韧性剪切带及多期构造置换中的S2面理控制，控矿构造样式具有斜列排布特征。含矿流体包裹体研究认为其在低—中温热液环境形成，主要是在退变质作用下易于在局部两种岩性差异界面附近、片理面之间薄弱变形带、密集剪切节理带或劈理化带等有利构造部位含金热液发生富集成矿。因此，脆-韧性剪切带及其多期面理置换与密集片理、剪切节理带及热液蚀变岩是主要的控矿构造类型。进一步的找矿预测工作主要应该紧抓其脆-韧性剪切带的走向延伸和倾向延深，更应重视侧向斜列富集规律。Abstract: The ore-bearing rock series in the northern Hanyin gold orefield of the southern Qinling mountains mainly consists of the shallow metamorphic rocks in the Silurian Meiziya formation,which underwent complex tectonic deformation in Mesozoic,and the brittle-ductile shear zone is a good place for the enrichment of altered rock type gold deposits in the Meiziya formation. Based on the comprehensive analysis of the metallogenic geological background and ore-controlling tectonic characteristics of the newly discovered Changgou gold deposit and its adjacent areas in the northern Hanyin gold orefield in recent years,the ore-controlling tectonic characteristics and ore-forming rules of this type of gold deposits in the northern Hanyin gold orefield are summarizes,and the hydrothermal genetic type of the Changgou gold deposit is preliminarily discussed. It is found that there are five brittle-ductile shear zones developed in the northern Hanyin gold orefield,and their tectonic patterns and metamorphism are diverse and multistage,among which the second deformation is closely related to gold mineralization. The Changgou gold mining area is controlled by the regional brittlle-ductile shear zone DSZ3 (≈RF5) and S2 bedding in multi-stage tectonic replacement,and the ore-controlling structure is characterized by oblique arrangement. The study of ore-bearing fluid inclusions shows that the formation of ore-bearing fluid inclusions in low-medium-temperature hydrothermal environment is mainly due to the accumulation and mineralization of gold-bearing hydrothermal fluids in favorable tectonic areas such as the weak deformation zone,dense shear joint zone or cleavage zone near the interface of two local lithologic differences and between foliation planes. Therefore,the brittlle-ductile shear zone and its multi-phase plane displacement and dense foliation,shear joint zone and hydrothermal altered rock are the main ore-controlling structural types. Further prospecting and prediction work should focus on the trend extension and dip extension of the brittle-ductile shear zone,and more attention should be paid to the law of lateral oblique accumulation.
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图 1 汉阴北部金矿田韧性剪切带与金矿床点平面分布图(据杨兴科等，2012修改)
1-梅子娅组；2-斑鸠关组；3-奥陶系；4-寒武系；5-耀岭河岩组；6-武当岩群；7-脆-韧性剪切带及代号；8-断裂；9-花岗岩脉；10-灰岩条带；11-褐铁矿化条带；12-剖面及其编号；13-常规产状及面理产状；14-矿床(点)
Figure 1. Plane distribution of ductile shear zones and gold deposits (points) in the northern Hanyin gold orefield (modified after Yang et al., 2012)
图 2 汉阴北部金矿田南北向地质剖面简图
Figure 2. NS-trending geological profile of the northern Hanyin gold orefield
图 3 长沟金矿区脆-韧性剪切带内变形构造样式
a-S2面理及其后期斜交的脆性断裂；b-S2面理及窗棂构造；c-S2面理及S3劈理置换；d-DSZ3内的石英旋转碎斑
Figure 3. Tectonic patterns of deformation in the brittle-ductile shear zone in the Changgou gold mining area
图 4 长沟金矿区脆-韧性剪切带内的脆性断裂破碎带
a-DSZ3内脆性断裂破碎带；b-脆性断裂内充填黄钾铁矾
Figure 4. Brittle fracture zone in the brittle-ductile shear zone in the Changgou gold mining area
图 5 长沟金矿区DSZ3脆-韧性剪切带内多种褶皱样式
a-矿区南部发育紧闭褶皱(剪切揉流褶皱)；b-矿区南部发育顺层固态流变褶皱(挤压逆冲S型)；c-DSZ3变形回落阶段发育尖棱褶皱(转换期)；d-DSZ3变形回落阶段发育褶叠层式紧闭褶皱(伸展剥离剪切)
Figure 5. Fold patterns in the brittle-ductile shear zone DSZ3 in the Changgou gold mining area
图 6 长沟金矿和黄龙金矿区脆-韧性剪切带内的线理特征
a-长沟矿区PD6金矿体围岩A线理为SEE倾向；b-黄龙金矿区南部B型线理
Figure 6. Linear characteristics in the brittle-ductile shear zone in the Changgou gold deposit and the Huanglong gold deposit
图 7 长沟金矿区及周邻脆-韧性剪切带DSZ3内的石英脉发育特征
a-黄龙村附近的S1期石英脉小褶皱，指示右形剪切；b-黄土岗附近沿S2充填的串珠状石英脉及石英透镜体；c-火神庙附近因局部拉断而成斜列式的S1期石英脉；d-火神庙附近S2期沿面理和节理充填的石英脉
Figure 7. Development characteristics of quartz veins in the Changgou gold mining area and the adjacent brittle-ductile shear zone DSZ3
图 8 长沟金矿区及周邻黑云母变斑晶发育特征
a-S2期后黑云母变斑晶(Bi)退变质成白云母(Ms)；b-S2期及期后形成的黑云母变斑晶(Bi)；c-S3期后形成的黑云母变斑晶，经后期热液改造；d-S3期后形成的黑云母变斑晶，经后期热液改造
Figure 8. Development characteristics of biotite variegated specular crystals in the Changgou gold mining area and its surroundings
图 9 长沟金矿区及周邻石榴子石变斑晶发育特征
a-石榴子石(Gt)筛状变晶结构；b-石榴石(Gt)残缕结构；c-石榴子石(Gt)的次生加大；d-定向片理围绕变斑晶石榴石(Gt)呈“σ”型分布
Figure 9. Development characteristics of metamorphic porphyry of garnet in the Changgou gold mining area and its adjacent areas
图 10 长沟金矿区K4矿体赋矿构造特征
a-斜切S2面理的含矿石英脉(Q)；b-浸染状、拔丝状黄铁矿(Py)沿S2面理及张性裂隙分布
Figure 10. Structural characteristics of the ore body K4 in the Changgou gold deposit area
图 11 汉阴北部长沟矿区-柳坑矿区金矿体平面分布示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of plane distribution of gold ore bodies in the Changgou mine area and the Liukeng mine area in the north of Hanyin
图 12 长沟矿区脆-韧性剪切带破碎蚀变岩型金矿控矿构造模型(据杨兴科等，2015；何虎军等，2019修改)
Figure 12. Ore-controlling tectonic model of the fracture altered rock type gold deposit in the ductile shear zone of the Changgou mining area(modified after Yang et al., 2015; He et al., 2019)
表 1 长沟金矿区主要金矿体特征表
Table 1. Characteristics of main gold ore bodies in the Changgou gold mining area
矿体编号 出露标高/m 出露长度/m 平均厚度/m 平均品位/×10-6 平均产状/(倾向(°)∠倾角(°)) K1 700~758 460 2.20 1.54 343°∠50° K2 711~748 190 1.92 1.52 206°∠48° K4 534~712 1100 2.14 2.60 25°∠67° 
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