Research on the status quo of environmental geology impact of enhanced geothermal system and countermeasures
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摘要: 增强型地热系统（EGS）是目前地热资源开发利用的前沿热点，其发电几乎不受外界环境影响，且几乎不对人类环境产生污染和破坏，因而备受关注。近年来学者们发现EGS开发过程中，热储改造注水运行可导致大量的微震事件出现，少数EGS工程的注水过程与当地3级以上地震明显相关，需要密切关注。文章对增强型地热系统的原理、技术以及开发利用现状进行介绍，并对国内外主要的EGS相关环境影响事件进行了整理分析，在此基础上，总结了目前的EGS环境影响研究进展，提出了下一步可以采取的措施，可以为国内EGS工程选址及开发提供有效借鉴。Abstract: Enhanced geothermal system (EGS) is the hotspot of geothermal resource development and utilization. Its power generation is almost impervious to the external environment and it cause little pollution and damage to the environment. In recent years, it has been found that in the process of EGS development, the geothermal reservoir reconstruction and water injection operation can lead to a large number of microseismic events. The water injection processes of a few EGS projects are obviously related to the local earthquakes of magnitude 3 or above, causing close attention of researchers. This paper introduces the principle, technology and development and utilization status of the enhanced geothermal system. And the main EGS related environmental impact events at home and abroad are sorted out and analyzed. On this basis, the current research progress of EGS environmental impact is summarized, and the coutermeasures in the next step are put forward, which provide effective reference for the site selection and development of EGS projects in China.
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Key words:
- enhanced geothermal system /
- induced seismicity /
- risk mitigation /
- Pohang /
- Basel
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图 1 增强型地热系统示意图(Tester et al., 2006)
红色窖—生产井(热流体)；蓝色窖—注入井(冷流体)
Figure 1. Schematic representation of an EGS reservoir(Tester et al., 2006)
图 2 地热工程流体注入体积与观测最大震级微震关系图(据Zang et al., 2014修改)
Figure 2. Relation diagram of fluid injection volume in geothermal engineering and maximum magnitude of observed micro-earthquake (modified after Zang et al., 2014)
图 3 韩国Pohang地震断裂机制推测模型图(据Choi et al., 2019修改)
图中显示出2017年Pohang地震地表变形分布和推测的隐伏倾斜走滑断裂关联变形机制
Figure 3. Conjectural model of fracture mechanism of Pohang earthquake in Korea, showing the surface deformation and conjectural deformation mechanism associated with hidden inclined strike-slip faults (modified after Choi et al., 2019)
图 4 瑞士Basel深层地热项目震中位置分布图(据Deichmann and Giardini, 2009修改)
Figure 4. Epicenter location map of the deep geothermal project in Basel, Switzerland(modified after Deichmann and Giardini, 2009)
图 5 交通指示灯系统用于PX-1井示意图(据Hofmann et al., 2019修改)
Figure 5. Seismic traffic light system (TLS) used for the cyclic soft stimulation treatment in well PX-1(modified after Hofmann et al., 2019)
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