Research progress of interaction of fluid with rock in the ductile shear zone
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摘要: 构造变形与流体联合控制成矿作用的机制是矿床学界关注的热点问题之一。作为大陆岩石圈中的应变局部化带，剪切带中一般都渗透着大量流体，流体与岩石的相互作用及其化学效应和物理效应，导致了矿物化学不平衡和组分的迁移，引起岩石化学成分重新调整。文章通过对韧性剪切带内的流体作用、剪切带内的成分与体积变化、剪切变形与成矿模拟实验总结，讨论了剪切变形过程中的力学-化学作用、剪切构造应力和流体在构造成岩成矿过程中的行为。因此，要加强构造应力对温度、岩石物理性质、地球化学相平衡和水岩体系的相关参量方面影响的综合研究。Abstract: The jointly controlling mechanism of tectonic deformation process and fluid mineralization is one of the hot issues of mineral deposits. As a strain localization zone in the continental lithosphere, a large amount of fluid is generally permeated in the shear zone. In the ductile shear zone, the interaction between fluid and rock, the localization of its chemical and physical effects lead to chemical unbalances and component migrations of minerals, causing re-adjustment of chemical composition of rocks. The action of the fluid, the change of composition and volume in the shear zone, the deformation and mineralization simulation experiments in the shear zone are summarized and analyzed. The mechanical-chemical action during shear deformation and the behavior of shear structural stresses and fluids during the process of tectonogenesis are discussed. Therefore, comprehensive research on the influence of tectonic forces on temperature, petrophysical properties, geochemical phase balance, and coherent parameters of water-rock systems should be strengthened.
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图 1 水力压裂摩尔图解及断层阀模式中流体压力和剪应力的波动(Phillips，1972)
a—流体压力升高导致差应力增加(黑色和灰色半圆分别代表流体压力升高前后岩石应力莫尔圆的状态)；b—流体压力升高造成应力莫尔圆向左漂移；c —断层阀模式中流体压力的波动(Sibson and Scott, 1988)；d —断层阀模式中剪应力的波动
σ—正应力；τ—剪应力；Pf—流体压力；Pl—静岩压力； Ph—静水压力；T—岩石抗张强度Figure 1. Mohr diagrams of hydraulic fracturing and the fluctuation of fluid pressure and shear stress in fault-valve mode(after Phillips, 1972)
图 2 流体对裂隙的发育的影响，矿物的沉淀充填裂隙(Sibson and Scott, 1998)
Figure 2. Diagram showing the effect of fluid on the development of fissures, the filling of fracture by mineral precipitation(after Sibson and Scott, 1998)
图 3 流体压力随深度的变化
a—干地壳模型; b—水饱和地壳模型(灰色曲线代表的是流体压力)
Figure 3. Variation of fluid pressure with depth
图 4 裂隙愈合的各种机制(Gratier et al., 2009; 张媛媛和周永胜，2012)
a—微裂隙的自愈合；b—压溶扩散的物质迁移；c—局部区域流体的沉淀作用
σ1—围岩应力；σ3—最小主应力；空心箭头所指方向为时间增长方向；横截面垂直于破裂方向，灰色代表主岩，黑色代表流体相，白色代表沉淀矿物Figure 4. Various mechanisms of fracture healing (after Gratier et al., 2009; Zhang and Zhou, 2012)
图 5 三种常见的构造系统中的成矿构造类型
Figure 5. Diagram showing the metallogenic structural types in three common structural systems
图 6 不同压力条件下温度对金溶解度的影响(Benning and Seward, 1996)
灰色方框代表在金的成矿温度200~350 ℃时，随着压力下降金的溶解度增大。
Figure 6. Sketch map of the influence of temperature on the gold solubility under different pressure (after Benning and Seward, 1996)
表 1 流体作用下糜棱岩中的矿物体积发生变化
Table 1. Changes of mineral volume in mylonite under fluid action
反应式 ΔV(反应固体体积
变化值)/(cm3/mol)ΔV(反应固体体积
变化百分率)/%1 K-feldspar+Na+=Albite+K+ -9 -8 2 3Albite+2H++K+=muscovite+6SiO2+3Na+ -23 -8 3 3K-feldspar+2H +=muscovite+6SiO2+2K+ -49 -8 4 2Phlogopite+4H++H2O=clinochlore+3SiO2+Mg+++2K+ -25 -8 5 Phlogopite+6H+=K-feldspar+3Mg+++4H2O -41 -27 6 2K-feldspar+5Mg+++8H2O=clinochlore+3SiO2+2K++8H+ 61 30 7 3clinochlore+2K++28H+=2muscovite+3SiO2+Mg+++24H2O -272 -44 8 3muscovite+5biotite+9SiO2+4H2O=8K-feldspar+3clinochlore -41 -2.7 
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