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旋扭构造研究的进展

李东旭 宋立才 张林炎

李东旭, 宋立才, 张林炎, 2019. 旋扭构造研究的进展. 地质力学学报, 25 (5): 981-1000. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.080
引用本文: 李东旭, 宋立才, 张林炎, 2019. 旋扭构造研究的进展. 地质力学学报, 25 (5): 981-1000. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.080
LI Dongxu, SONG Licai, ZHANG Linyan, 2019. PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ROTATION-SHEAR STRUCTURE. Journal of Geomechanics, 25 (5): 981-1000. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.080
Citation: LI Dongxu, SONG Licai, ZHANG Linyan, 2019. PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ROTATION-SHEAR STRUCTURE. Journal of Geomechanics, 25 (5): 981-1000. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.080

旋扭构造研究的进展

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2019.25.05.080
基金项目: 

中国地质科学院地质力学研究所基本科研业务费 DZLXJK201613

详细信息
    作者简介:

    李东旭(1933-), 男, 教授, 博士生导师, 长期从事构造地质学、地质力学教学与科研。E-mail:dxlee18@126.com

  • 中图分类号: P552

PROGRESS IN RESEARCH ON ROTATION-SHEAR STRUCTURE

  • 摘要: 文章综述了中国地质学家对旋扭构造研究的历史与成果,也介绍了国外相关研究成果。李四光先生通过四篇论著奠定了旋扭构造的理论基础。在后来的研究和找矿实践、多种模拟仿真新方法试验以及力学解析中进一步丰富了旋扭构造的研究内容,深化了对旋扭构造几何学、运动学特征与动力学机制等的认识,提出了有些旋扭构造是螺旋运动的结果及旋扭构造的形成很可能与地球旋转动力问题有关;特别是在找矿勘探方面取得的成功和经济效益,提高了成矿理论认识的水平。文章最后提出今后研究旋扭构造应注意的问题。

     

  • 图  1  微型帚状构造(牛口峪大南坡一块滚石)

    Figure  1.  Photo of micro brush structure (a rolling stone from Dananpo, Niukouyu)

    图  2  牛口峪旋扭构造图[5, 8]

    1—以扭性为主的弧形断裂;2—背斜和向斜轴线;3—推测背、向斜轴线;4—张性兼扭性断裂;5—轴近水平的小旋扭构造及其倾伏方向和外旋层扭动方向;6—扭或张扭性断层;7—横断层;8—低角度逆掩断层;9—高角度冲断层;10—地质界线;11—标志层界线;12—地层产状;13—第四系;14—杨家屯煤系(包括清水涧组);15—下、中奥陶统灰岩;16—上寒武统;17—中寒武统;18—下、中寒武统;19—景儿峪组;20—下马岭组;21—铁岭组灰岩;22—高于庄组灰岩;23—前震旦纪变质岩系;24—花岗闪长岩(γδ)或花岗岩(γ);25—石英斑岩

    Figure  2.  Rotation-shear structure map of the Niukouyu region[5, 8]

    图  3  房山地区地质图[7, 9]

    1—第四系;2—长辛店组;3—九龙山组;4—龙门组;5—窑坡组;6—南大岭组;7—双泉组;8—红庙岭组;9—下石盒子组及山西组;10—太原组及本溪组;11—马家沟组;12—亮甲山组—冶里组;13—上寒武统;14—中寒武统;15—下寒武统;16—景儿峪组-长龙山组;17—下马岭组;18—铁岭组;19—洪水庄组;20—雾迷山组;21—大洪峪组;22—团山子组;23—串岭沟组;24—常州沟组;25—太古宇;26—花岗闪长岩;27—石英闪长岩;28—断层;29—岩层产状

    Figure  3.  Geological map of the Fangshan region[7, 9]

    图  4  大南坡小旋扭构造砥柱

    Figure  4.  Photo of the nuclear column of small scale rotation-shear structure in Dananpo

    图  5  大南坡小型旋扭构造砥柱及周缘断裂[6]

    1-变质硬砂质砂岩; 2-灰黑色板岩; 3-砂质板岩及变质砂岩; 4-含砾变质砂岩; 5-断裂; 6-岩层产状; 7-旋扭面; 8-张性兼扭性断裂

    Figure  5.  The nuclear column of small scale rotation-shear structure and its surrouding small faults in Dananpo[6]

    图  6  骰子沟轴近水平的小型旋扭构造

    Figure  6.  Small scale rotation-shear structure with near horizontal axis in Shaizigou

    图  7  骰子沟中旋轴近于水平的小型旋扭构造[5, 8]

    Figure  7.  Small scale rotation-shear structure with near horizontal axis in Shaizigou[5, 8]

    图  8  轴近直立的旋扭构造导生出低序次轴近水平的旋扭构造三维模式[8]

    Figure  8.  3-D model of rotation-shear structure (RSS), the vertical RSS leads to horizontal RSS which is secondary[8]

    图  9  牛口峪西沟小型旋扭构造序次、复合关系露头图解

    1—弧形张剪性节理;2—派生张节理或剪节理;3—擦面产状;4—擦线方向;5—第三序次压剪帚状劈理;6—小石英脉(a)轴近直立的张剪性帚状节理(b)Ⅰ-Ⅰ′剖面示轴水平的叠加帚状节理A—旋轴直立帚状节理;B—旋轴水平帚状节理;CP—杨家屯煤系;O2—马家沟灰岩(c)奥陶纪灰岩段片旁侧杨家屯煤系的帚状构造

    Figure  9.  Diagram of structural sequence, compositive relation of small rotation-sheer structure in Niukouyu Xigou

    图  10  房山岩体与北岭向斜构造[6-7]

    1—花岗闪长岩;2—石英闪长岩;3—第四系;4—九龙山组;5—龙门组;6—南大岭组—窑坡组;7—双泉组;8—杨家屯煤系;9—奥陶系;10—寒武系;11—青白口系;12—下马岭组;13—长城系;14—太古宇;15—北岭向斜轴线;16—推覆构造;17—飞来峰;18—滑覆断层;19—正断层;20—糜棱岩带;21—剪切断裂;22—倒转褶皱;23—岩体侵位方向;24—岩体西缘挤压方向;25—外凸弧拉张方向;26—岩体南北边缘剪切方向

    Figure  10.  Sketch map of the Fangshan intrusion and Beiling syncline structure[6-7]

    图  11  房山岩体斜冲侵位水平分力[7]

    F—岩体斜冲侵位方向;H—斜冲侵位水平分力;G—.垂直分力;Q—第四系;J2—中侏罗系九龙山组砂岩;J1—下侏罗统窑坡煤组龙门砾岩等;T—三叠系双泉统;C2+3-P—清水涧组杨家屯煤系、红庙岭砂岩;-O—寒武-奥陶纪各类灰岩

    Figure  11.  Horizontal components of oblique emplacement of the Fangshan intrusion[7]

    图  12  凤凰山帚状构造[7-8]

    1-压扭性断裂; 2-张扭性断裂; 3-凤凰山向斜; 4-倒转褶皱; 5-旋扭方向

    Figure  12.  Fenghuangshan brush structure[7-8]

    图  13  铜陵地块中S状褶皱群[12]

    1-北北东向断裂; 2-北东向断裂; 3-东西向断裂; 4-直立褶皱; 5-歪斜褶皱; 6-倒转褶皱

    Figure  13.  S-shaped bundle of folds within the Tongling masif[12]

    图  14  沿北东向轴旋转的北西西向褶皱及其形状和产状[12]

    Figure  14.  NWW-trending small folds twisted along the NE-trending axial line and their morpholog and attitude[12]

    图  15  河北邯邢矿山村构造草图[13]

    1—二叠系;2—石炭系;3—中奥陶统;4—闪长岩-二长岩类;5—闪长岩类;6—背斜(实测与推断);7—向斜(实测与推断);8—压性与压扭性断层;9—剪切劈理;10—性质不明及推断断层;11—石板坡-马家脑环形褶皱带;12—西四门挤压带;13—白露寺-全呼帚状构造束;14—矿山村褶皱;15—五家子弧形侧转向斜;16—玉石洼弧形褶皱群;17—北各河弧形向斜;18—燕山弧形褶皱群;19—上焦寺帚状褶皱群;20—锁会“螺线”式中小型旋扭构造;21—王窑反“S”型旋扭构造;22—岩体流线;23—剖面;24—铁矿床

    Figure  15.  Skech map of structures of Han-Xing Iron Mine[13]

    图  16  凤凰山岩体内部及接触带旋扭构造形迹及形成动力条件[16]

    Figure  16.  Rotation-shear structural features in the contact zone and inner of the Fenghuangshan intrusion and dynamic conditions[16]

    图  17  伴随有右螺旋上升流变过渡的理想示意图[8, 17]

    Figure  17.  Ideal sketch showing the rheological transition associated with a clockwise up-flow spiral[8, 17]

    图  18  迁安铁矿轴近水平的小型旋扭构造[8]

    Figure  18.  Small scale rotation-shear structure with nearly horizontal axis in Qian'an iron mine[8]

    图  19  乌克兰地盾克里沃罗格构造省萨卡萨杂诺斯科环装花岗岩穹隆构造图[8]

    1—片麻岩、花岗片麻岩、混合岩;2—角闪岩、细碧岩、角闪岩及其他片岩;3—碳质-石墨质陆源岩石;4—石墨片岩-大理岩;5—含铁建造;6—石英岩;7—石英岩-砾岩;8—黑云母片岩-大理岩;9—斜长花岗岩;10—微斜长石花岗岩;11—深断裂;12—强磁异常

    Figure  19.  A ring-like granite dome in Ukraine shield[8]

    图  20  老君山地区变质核杂岩和旋转构造图[8]

    1—老君山花岗岩;2—花岗岩质糜棱岩及片麻岩;3—眼球状糜棱岩化混合岩;4—条痕状糜棱岩化混合岩;5—糜棱面理;6—拆离断层;7—走滑断层;8—压扭断层;9—压性断裂;10—张性断裂;11—背斜或向斜;12—旋转方向

    Figure  20.  Structual map of the Laojunshan area showing metamorphic core complex and vortex structure[8]

    图  21  老君山变质核杂岩的构造演化[8]

    Figure  21.  Tectonic evolution of the Laojunshan metamorphic core complex[8]

    图  22  涡旋构造地幔柱运动学示意图[8, 46]

    Figure  22.  Sketch map showing whirl motion of the mantle plume[8, 46]

    图  23  临汾陆核出露的区域构造样式及其运动状态示意图[8, 46]

    左图中实线封闭区域为露头区; 点断线为陆核边界; ○为次级构造域; 弧线为叶理核褶皱走向; 半箭头为剪切方向

    Figure  23.  Tectonic style and kinematic state based on the outcrop region of the Linfen continental core[8, 46]

    图  24  岩石圈旋转构造体系复合现象略图[47]

    1—印度尼西亚旋扭构造体系;2—复活节岛旋扭构造体系;3—非洲及周缘旋扭构造体系;4—南美(迪迪喀喀湖)旋扭构造体系;5—南乔治亚;6—阿拉斯加;7—加勒比地区;8—亚洲贝加尔旋扭构造体系

    Figure  24.  Outline of the composite phenomenon of the lithospheric rotational tectonic system[47]

    图  25  差速旋转、岩石圈单元的滑移和蠕动的主要线路[8, 24]

    图中两条漫长的滑移曲线,一条是右旋线路,从北美的阿拉斯加延至大西洋的罗曼奇;另一条是左旋线路,从南大西洋延至南安的列斯群岛,然后至南太平洋分两支,北支沿埃尔塔宁,经斐济、班达海,延至印度;南支经澳大利亚南部至西印度。

    Figure  25.  Main lines of differential rotation, slippage and creeping of the lithospheric units[8, 24]

    图  26  环球螺旋形扭转断裂系统[48]

    Figure  26.  Sketch of the global torsion tectonic systems[48]

    图  27  北半球大陆边缘反S状造山带三维模式图[8]

    Figure  27.  3-D model of reverse S-shaped transitional orogenic chains in the Northern Hemisphere[8]

    图  28  阿尔卑斯—喜马拉雅—印尼反S状旋扭构造连锁造山带[8]

    —阿尔卑斯-狄那里克-克里特反S状旋扭造山带;—东托罗斯-扎格罗斯-莫克兰反S状旋扭造山带;—帕米尔-喜马拉雅反S状旋扭造山带;—青藏-滇缅-印尼反S状旋扭造山带;黑线条示构造线;单箭头示走滑断层;斜方网格示冈瓦纳裂解板块;空心箭头示大陆反大洋板块相对运动方向;表示螺旋上升;表示螺旋下降

    Figure  28.  Reverse S-shaped transitional orogenic chains along Alps-Himalayas-Indonesis[8]

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  • 收稿日期:  2019-08-28
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