ANALYSIS ON DENSIFICATION PROCESS OF CHANG 6 SANDSTONES IN WESTERN ORDOS BASIN
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摘要: 通过储层物性、铸体薄片和带能谱仪的扫描电镜，对鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩的致密化过程进行定量研究。研究表明，鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6超低渗透砂岩的原始沉积物孔隙度为39.3%，渗透率为22400×10-3 μm2，其致密化过程分为2个阶段；早成岩阶段的压实作用和方解石及绿泥石膜胶结作用，导致砂岩的孔隙度和渗透率急剧下降到8.0%和0.17×10-3 μm2，砂岩转化为超低渗透储层；中成岩阶段A期的油气充注成藏过程中，油气携带有机酸性流体进入超低渗透储层，长石与有机酸性流体发生反应，产生长石溶蚀孔隙，使孔隙度和渗透率提高到11.6%和0.61×10-3 μm2；鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6超低渗透砂岩致密与成藏的配置关系为"先致密后成藏，边成藏边扩容增渗"。Abstract: By core physical property, casting slice, scanning electron microscope analysis with energy disperse spectroscopy, the densification process of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin was studied quantitatively. The study showed that the initial porosity and permeability of sandstones in the area were 39.3% and 22400×10-3 μm2 respectively, and its densification process was divided into two stages. In the course of early diagenesis stage, both calcite and chlorite coat cements and mechanical compaction caused the sandstones into ultra-low permeability reservoir whose porosity and permeability were 8.0% and 0.17×10-3 μm2 apart. During hydrocarbon accumulation in middle diagenesis stage A, hydrocarbon with organic acid came into this ultra-low permeability sandstones, and under organic acid circumstance feldspar dissolution formed secondary pore, which made porosity and permeability up to 11.6% and 0.61×10-3 μm2 individually. So the relationship between the densification process of Chang 6 sandstone and hydrocarbon accumulation is first densification then accumulation and accumulation with increased porosity and permeability.
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图 2 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩流体包裹体特征及埋藏史—热史—油气充注史耦合关系
a—石英颗粒微裂隙中气液两相包裹体，透射光下淡黄色—无色，盐64井，2488.7 m，长6；b—与a同一视域，荧光下黄绿色；c—包裹体均一温度分布直方图；d—油气充注时间为早白垩世，油气成藏期次为一期成藏
Figure 2. Features of Chang 6 fluid inclusions in western Ordos Basin and the coupling relation of burial history, thermal history and hydrocarbon filling history
图 3 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩孔隙度—渗透率交会图(525组数据)
Figure 3. Porosity-permeability cross plot of Change 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin (525 sets of data)
图 4 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩绿泥石膜与原生孔隙的关系
Chl—绿泥石膜；M—黑云母a—颗粒粒度粗，分选好，点状—线状接触，原生粒间孔隙多，绿泥石膜含量高，黄8井，2284.05 m；b—颗粒大小混杂，柔性组分含量较高，线状—凹凸状接触，原生粒间孔隙较少，绿泥石膜含量较低，耿211井，2233.20 m；c—柔性组分挤压变形，岩石致密，黄32井，2377.32 m
Figure 4. Relationship between chlorite film and primary pore of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
图 5 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩骨架颗粒表面绿泥石膜及自生石英颗粒的典型成岩现象
Chl—绿泥石膜；AQ—自生石英；PQ—嵌晶状自生石英a—骨架颗粒表面的绿泥石膜构成近似等厚的孔隙环边，厚度约7 μm，黄42井，2334.03 m；b—粒间孔隙中散布自生石英，黄29井，2695.73 m；c—粒间孔隙中嵌晶状自生石英，峰203井，2283.38 m
Figure 5. Typical diagenesis phenomena of chlorite film and authigenic quartz crystal on framework grain of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
图 6 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩中浸染状分布的方解石胶结物典型成岩现象
DCa—浸染状方解石；BCa—斑块状方解石a—碎屑颗粒间线状-点状接触，方解石胶结物浸染状均匀分布，显暗红色(茜素红-S染色)，耿213井，2442.06 m；b—方解石胶结物呈斑块状或星点状散布，显暗红色和亮红色(茜素红-S和铁氰化钾混合液染色)，黄134井，2417.87 m；c—图b中红色方框位置放大，暗红色、亮红色方解石之间突变接触，暗红色方解石胶结物通常与碎屑颗粒直接接触，而亮红色方解石与碎屑颗粒之间通常发育厚度不等的暗色薄膜
Figure 6. Typical diagenesis phenomena of disseminated calcite cement of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
图 7 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩中方解石胶结物表面绿泥石膜典型成岩作用现象(黄220井，2507.80 m)
Ca—方解石，Chl—绿泥石膜
Figure 7. Typical diagenesis phenomena of chlorite film on calcite cement of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin(Well Huang220, 2507.80 m)
图 8 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩中长石溶蚀的典型成岩现象
Fs—梳状长石溶蚀孔；Fsm—长石溶蚀似铸膜孔；Kao—高岭石集合体；Chl—绿泥石膜a—绿泥石膜环绕的长石溶蚀成梳状次生孔隙，成57~18井，2283.79 m；b—长石溶蚀成似铸模孔，留下绿泥石膜壳，成57~18井，2283.79 m；c—长石溶解就地沉淀高岭石，晶间孔发育，黄54井，2345.33 m；d—高岭石充填粒间孔隙，将粒间孔隙转化为高岭石晶间微孔隙，黄54井，2345.33 m
Figure 8. Typical diagenesis phenomena of feldspar dissolution of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
图 9 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩致密化过程中渗透率演化模式
Figure 9. Permeability variation pattern in densification process of Chang 6 sandstones in in western Ordos Basin
表 1 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩岩石学特征统计(315个铸体薄片)
Table 1. Petrology Statistics of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin(315 casting slices)
含量范围/% 平均含量/% 砂岩分类图 碎屑组分 石英 13.1~49.2 28.4 
长石 15.9~59.5 39.5 火山岩屑 0.2~6.1 2.7 千枚岩岩屑 0.2~5.7 2.6 板岩岩屑 0.8~7.3 4.3 云母 2.8~22.4 9.3 胶结物 方解石 0.4~27.3 4.3 高岭石 1.6~8.2 3.8 绿泥石膜 0.4~3.1 2.1 石英胶结 0~1.3 0.3 面孔率 原生孔隙 0~2.7 1.2 长石溶孔 0.2~1.4 0.6 晶间孔 0.2~1.7 0.9 
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表 2 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩致密化过程定量研究的关键参数
Table 2. The key parameters of quantitative densification process of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
初始孔隙度/% 早成岩A期 早成岩B期 中成岩A期 粒间孔面孔率/% 现今孔隙度/% 方解石胶结/% 绿泥石膜/% 长石溶孔面孔率/% 长石溶孔晶间孔面孔率/% 粒间晶间孔面孔率/% 粒间孔中高岭石/% 粒间孔中自生石英/% 39.3 4.3 2.1 0.6 0.6 0.3 1.3 0.3 1.2 11.6
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表 3 鄂尔多斯盆地西部长6砂岩致密化过程
Table 3. Densification process of Chang 6 sandstones in western Ordos Basin
早成岩A期末 早成岩B期末 中成岩A期 方解石和压实后孔隙度/% 绿泥石膜胶结后孔隙度/% 长石溶孔增加孔隙度/% 石英、高岭石胶结损失孔隙度/% 10.1 8.0 5.2 1.6
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