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藏东南嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征及其对扎墨公路的影响

张佳佳 刘建康 高波 陈龙 李元灵 邹任州 黄亮

张佳佳, 刘建康, 高波, 等, 2018. 藏东南嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征及其对扎墨公路的影响. 地质力学学报, 24 (1): 106-115. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.01.012
引用本文: 张佳佳, 刘建康, 高波, 等, 2018. 藏东南嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征及其对扎墨公路的影响. 地质力学学报, 24 (1): 106-115. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.01.012
ZHANG Jiajia, LIU Jiankang, GAO Bo, et al., 2018. CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL SOURCES OF GALONGQU GLACIAL DEBRIS FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE TO ZHAMO ROAD. Journal of Geomechanics, 24 (1): 106-115. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.01.012
Citation: ZHANG Jiajia, LIU Jiankang, GAO Bo, et al., 2018. CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL SOURCES OF GALONGQU GLACIAL DEBRIS FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE TO ZHAMO ROAD. Journal of Geomechanics, 24 (1): 106-115. DOI: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.01.012

藏东南嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征及其对扎墨公路的影响

doi: 10.12090/j.issn.1006-6616.2018.24.01.012
基金项目: 

中国地质调查局项目 DD20160279

国家自然科学基金 41402315

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张佳佳(1988-), 男, 汉, 工程师, 主要从事活动构造与地质灾害研究。E-mail:jimjia2008@163.com

    通讯作者:

    刘建康(1985-), 男, 汉, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向:地质灾害形成机理与防治技术。E-mail:j_jiankang@foxmail.com

  • 中图分类号: P642.23;P694

CHARACTERISTICS OF MATERIAL SOURCES OF GALONGQU GLACIAL DEBRIS FLOW AND THE INFLUENCE TO ZHAMO ROAD

  • 摘要: 在全球气候变暖的大背景下,冰川消融加剧,冰舌后退,冰川泥石流加剧。扎墨公路是目前通往西藏墨脱的唯一公路,公路必经的嘎龙曲发育藏东南地区典型的海洋性冰川泥石流,针对嘎龙曲冰川泥石流的物源特征,经现场调查得出,嘎龙曲冰川泥石流物源类型有冰碛物物源、崩塌型物源以及沟道堆积型物源三类,总结分析了三种物源类型的分布特征和启动模式。通过建立物源计算模型,定量计算嘎龙曲沟域内可参与泥石流活动的松散固体物源动储量为366.28×104 m3,其中冰碛物物源为主要的动储量物源,物源补给特征在藏东南海洋性冰川发育区域具有一定代表性。嘎龙曲沟域内水动力分布的不均一特性决定了物源启动参与泥石流活动的不均一性,随着全球气候变暖影响下水动力条件的增强,嘎龙曲冰川泥石流对扎墨公路的危害会愈加严重。

     

  • 图  1  嘎龙曲泥石流区域位置图

    Figure  1.  Location of Galongqu debris flow

    图  2  嘎龙曲泥石流全貌

    Figure  2.  Full view of Galongqu debris flow

    图  3  嘎龙曲泥石流物源分布图

    Figure  3.  Distribution of material source of Galongqu debris flow

    图  4  嘎龙曲物源计算模型

    Figure  4.  Calculation modelof accumulation in Galongqu

    图  5  冰碛物物源点实景图

    Figure  5.  Images of moraine source

    图  6  部分崩塌堆积物源点实景图

    Figure  6.  Images of partial rock avalanche source

    图  7  沟道堆积物源点实景图

    Figure  7.  Images of channel accumulation source

    表  1  嘎龙曲泥石流物源情况统计表

    Table  1.   Statistics data of material sources of Galongqu debris flow

    编号类型位置稳定性物源总量/
    104 m3
    物源动储量
    /104 m3
    补给方式补给条件
    M01冰碛物物源嘎龙拉隧道东侧(嘎龙寺)较稳定680.5425.24泥石流裹挟、滑坡冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震
    M02冰碛物物源嘎龙拉隧道西侧欠稳定894.23106.01泥石流裹挟、滑坡冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震
    M03冰碛物物源仓孔北侧欠稳定556.698.12泥石流裹挟、滑坡冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震
    M04冰碛物物源仓孔欠稳定253.159.2泥石流裹挟、滑坡冰雪融水、暴雨冲刷、地震
    M05冰碛物物源沟口堆积区较稳定566.20崩滑、坡面泥石流不参与泥石流
    小计2950.67288.57
    B01崩塌堆积物源上游,仓孔右侧沟道转弯处欠稳定35.96.2崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B02崩塌堆积物源上游,仓孔南侧欠稳定15.83.85崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B03崩塌堆积物源上游,仓孔北侧较稳定9.260崩塌、坡面侵蚀不参与泥石流
    B04崩塌堆积物源上游,仓孔左侧沟道转弯处较稳定9.960崩塌、坡面侵蚀不参与泥石流
    B05崩塌堆积物源上游仓过对岸支沟欠稳定12.61.65崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B06崩塌堆积物源中上游沟道变窄处欠稳定11.632.6崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B07崩塌堆积物源中上游冰碛垄对岸支沟欠稳定13.645.02崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B08崩塌堆积物源中上游冰碛垄北侧支沟欠稳定26.572.02崩塌、坡面泥石流暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B09崩塌堆积物源勇打不南侧1公里欠稳定12.390.55崩塌暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B10崩塌堆积物源勇打不南侧500米欠稳定9.39.36崩塌暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B11崩塌堆积物源勇打不南侧100米欠稳定18.995.36崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B12崩塌堆积物源勇打不欠稳定26.368.52崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B13崩塌堆积物源勇打不对岸欠稳定21.326.24崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B14崩塌堆积物源勇打不北侧200米欠稳定15.329.65崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B15崩塌堆积物源勇打不北侧300米欠稳定18.550.22崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B16崩塌堆积物源勇打不北侧500米欠稳定69.23.36崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B17崩塌堆积物源勇打不北侧500米对岸欠稳定16.542崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B18崩塌堆积物源中下游勇打不北侧1公里欠稳定13.751.55崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B19崩塌堆积物源中下游勇打不北侧1.2公里欠稳定19.660.2崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    B20崩塌堆积物源中下游勇打不北侧2公里欠稳定28.54.3崩塌、坡面侵蚀暴雨、洪水或泥石流冲刷、地震
    小计379.3172.65
    G01沟道堆积物源勇打不上游500米5.641.69沟床揭底冲刷暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷
    G02沟道堆积物源流通区中部支沟沟口8.222.5沟床揭底冲刷暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷
    G03沟道堆积物源仓孔5.630.7沟床揭底冲刷暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷
    G04沟道堆积物源堆积区沟道2.960.17沟床揭底冲刷暴雨洪水或泥石流冲刷
    小计22.455.06
    总计3352.43366.28
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  嘎龙曲泥石流物源情况汇总表

    Table  2.   Statistics data of material sources of Galongqu debris flow

    冰碛物物源崩塌堆积物源沟道堆积物源合计/104 m3
    物源总量动储量物源总量动储量物源总量动储量物源总量动储量
    2950.67288.57379.3172.6522.455.063352.43366.28
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2016-08-19
  • 修回日期:  2017-12-19
  • 刊出日期:  2018-02-28

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