COUPLING BETWEEN ENDOGENIC AND EXOGENIC GEOLOGICAL PROCESSES IN THE WENCHUAN EARTHQUAKE AND EXAMPLE ANALYSIS OF GEO-HAZARDS
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摘要: 内动力和外动力地质作用是地质灾害形成过程中不可缺少的两种作用, 但是, 以往的地质灾害研究偏重于外动力作用, 对于外动力与内动力耦合作用的形式, 由于缺少直观的实例, 只能根据经验感觉进行判断和定性的研究。四川汶川MS8.0级地震在给人们带来灾难和损失的同时, 也给人们认识内外动力耦合作用形式提供了机会。本文在龙门山地区地震地质和地质灾害调查的基础上, 总结了山区地震地质灾害形成过程中内外动力耦合作用的主要表现形式, 主要包括活动断裂和风化作用的耦合、岩土体结构与变形破坏形式的耦合、地震力与地形地貌的耦合以及地震力与地下水的耦合等。采用实例剖析了地震滑坡形成过程中各种地质作用及其产物之间的相互联系, 对于认识地震地质灾害形成机理和发育规律具有一定的指导意义。Abstract: The endogenic and exogenic geological processes are two indispensable processes for geo-hazard occurrence.However, only was exogenic geological process widely emphasized in the past, while the coupling between endogenic and exogenic geological processes were only presented in formations of experiential judges and qualitative studies.The MS8.0 Wenchuan earthquake provides a good chance to further study coupling processes between endogenic and exogenic geologic processes when it resulted in inestimable casualties and property losses.This paper summarizes the general manifestations of coupling processes in mountainous area, e.g.the couplings between active fault and weathering, rock-soil mass structure and deformation failure, geomorphology and seismic force, seismic force and groundwater.An analysi has been made on the relationships between various geological processes and their results during seismic landslide occurrence, which will be of certain guiding significance for understanding seismic geo-hazard mechanism and its development regularity.
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图 1 汶川地震地质灾害密度与活动断裂的关系图
Figure 1. A map showing the relationship between active faults and intensity of geohazards in Wenchuan Earthquake
图 2 地震断裂滑坡平台特征
1.断裂; 2.砂岩; 3.泥质岩; 4.滑坡堆积物; 5.阶地编号
Figure 2. Features of terraces formed by seismogenic faults
图 3 陈家坝太洪村地震滑坡平台的形成过程
1.断裂; 2.绢云母片岩; 3.滑坡堆积物; 4.原地形线
Figure 3. Forming process of seismic landslide terrace in Taihong Village, Chengjiaba Town
图 4 永昌镇水没河一带地面塌陷坑特征
Figure 4. Characteristics of collapse pits around Shuimo River, Yongchang Town
图 5 地震碎屑流转化为暴雨泥石流
Figure 5. Rainstorm mudflows resulting from debris flows induced by earthquake
图 6 谢家店子滑坡-碎屑流剖面特征示意图
1.断裂; 2.砂岩; 3.泥岩; 4.滑坡-碎屑流; 5.彭灌杂岩
Figure 6. A section of landlside-debris flow in Xiejiadianzhi Village
图 7 谢家店子滑坡-碎屑流分段特征
Figure 7. Segmentational characteristics of landslide-debris flow in Xiejiadianzhi Village
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