THE DISCOVERY AND GEOLOGICAL SIGNIFICANCE OF MID-CAMBRIAN GRANITES IN MAERYANG AREA, TASHKURGHAN MASSIF, WEST KUNLUN
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摘要: 西昆仑塔什库尔干地块马尔洋一带发育一期中寒武世花岗质岩浆活动,岩石类型为片麻状花岗闪长岩和二长花岗岩,LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb测年表明,其侵入时代分别为(506.0±6.8)Ma和(514.0±9.3)Ma。岩石SiO2含量为67.83%~75.76%,具中高钾、准铝质-弱过铝质等特征;岩石稀土总量与平均陆壳相当(∑REE=90.85×10-6~186.10×10-6),轻、重稀土分馏程度较强((La/Yb)N=5.38~22.43),负Eu异常明显(δEu=0.42~0.71);微量元素以富集Rb、K、Ba、Th、U等大离子亲石元素和亏损Nb、Ta、P、Ti等高场强元素为特征。地质学及岩石地球化学特征指示该期花岗岩属准铝质到弱过铝质高分异Ⅰ型花岗岩,锆石饱和温度指示其为高温岩浆岩,总体具有壳幔混源的特征,富云包体指示壳源成分占有较大的比例。该期花岗岩与邻区中-晚寒武世中酸性侵入岩指示塔什库尔干-甜水海地块南缘很可能存在一条中寒武世以来的岩浆弧带,其可能为在原特提斯(有限)洋盆于中寒武世向北俯冲、消减背景下幔源物质上涌底侵加热古老陆壳进而发生部分熔融的产物。这也预示着塔什库尔干地区在经过震旦纪-早寒武世伸展裂解阶段之后,于中-晚寒武世其大地构造环境及地球动力学背景发生了重大转折。Abstract: The paper reports a mid-Cambrian granitic magmatic activity which is comprised of gneissic granodiorite and monzogranite in Maeryang area of Tashkurgan massif, West Kunlun. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb dating yields the emplacement ages of ca. (506.0±6.8) Ma and (514.0±9.3) Ma, respectively. The granites are characterized by moderate-high alkaline, quasi-aluminum to weak peraluminum, and a moderate range of SiO2 (67.83%~75.76%). Addtionally, the total REE of granites is equivalent to the average continental crust (∑REE=90.85×10-6~186.10×10-6) and marked by obvious fractionation between light and heavy REE ((La/Yb)N=5.38~22.43) and negative Eu anomalies(δEu=0.42~0.71). The intrusions have geochemical features of enrichment of LILEs such as Rb, K, Ba, Th, U and depletion of HFSEs such as Nb, Ta, P, Ti. The geological and petrogeochemical characteristics of the granites indicate that they are quasi-aluminous to weakly peraluminous highly fractionated Ⅰ-type granites. Zircon saturation temperature reflects that the mid-Cambrian granites can be assigned to the high-temperature magmatic rocks. The presence of mica-rich enclaves in the granites which were most likely derived from crust-mantle mixing magma indicates that the crust composition accounts for a large proportion. The intermediate acid magma intrusion during middle-late Cambrian in Tashkurghan and its adjacent region shows that there was a magmatic arc zone in the southern margin of Tashkurgan-Tianshuihai massif. The granites in Maeryang area might originate in the partial melting of ancient continental crust heated by upwelling and underplating mantle during the Proto-Tethys ocean northward subduction in mid-Cambrian. It also indicates that the tectonic environment and geodynamic background during the middle-late Cambrian period have taken a major turn after the Sinian-early Cambrian extension and cracking stage in the Tashkurgan area.
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Key words:
- West Kunlun /
- Tashkurghan massif /
- mid-Cambrian granites /
- high-temperature granites /
- Proto-Tethys Ocean /
- subduction
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图 2 西昆仑马尔洋一带构造地质简图
1—第四系;2—上石炭统—下二叠统特给乃奇克达坂组;3—下石炭统;4—早志留世温泉沟组;5—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组三岩段;6—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组二岩段;7—震旦系—寒武系纽芬兰统马尔洋岩组一岩段;8—古元古界瓦恰岩组;9—古元古界五古力牙特岩组;10—渐新世花岗闪长岩;11—晚三叠世二长花岗岩;12—早石炭世英云闪长岩;13—中寒武世二长花岗岩;14—中寒武世花岗闪长岩;15—晚寒武世辉长岩;16—韧性断层;17—片麻理;18—片理;19—锆石年龄;20—采样位置及编号
Figure 2. Tectonic and geological sketch of the Maeryang area, West Kunlun
表 1 马尔洋一带花岗岩LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素分析结果
Table 1. LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotope data of granites in Maeryang area
样品点号 Th U Th/U 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ 207Pb/206Pb 1σ 207Pb/235U 1σ 206Pb/238U 1σ ×10-6 同位素比值 年龄/Ma 花岗闪长岩(TW135/5-1) 1 284 682 0.42 0.0590 0.0007 0.693 0.008 0.0851 0.0009 568 11 534 5 526 6 2 41 138 0.30 0.0623 0.0018 0.689 0.018 0.0802 0.0012 684 32 532 11 497 7 3 232 965 0.24 0.0589 0.0006 0.654 0.006 0.0805 0.0009 563 10 511 4 499 5 4 420 1360 0.31 0.0588 0.0005 0.663 0.005 0.0818 0.0008 558 10 516 3 507 5 6 1166 2607 0.45 0.0589 0.0005 0.699 0.005 0.0860 0.0009 565 10 538 3 532 5 7 299 1296 0.23 0.0589 0.0006 0.703 0.007 0.0865 0.0009 565 10 541 4 535 5 9 252 642 0.39 0.0656 0.0010 0.625 0.009 0.0691 0.0008 793 13 493 6 431 5 10 582 683 0.85 0.0578 0.0008 0.631 0.008 0.0792 0.0009 522 13 497 5 491 5 11 496 1677 0.30 0.0595 0.0006 0.669 0.006 0.0815 0.0008 585 10 520 4 505 5 12 702 1032 0.68 0.0590 0.0007 0.685 0.007 0.0842 0.0009 566 11 530 4 521 5 13 241 620 0.39 0.0603 0.0008 0.704 0.009 0.0847 0.0010 613 12 541 5 524 6 14 286 1380 0.21 0.0592 0.0007 0.688 0.007 0.0843 0.0009 573 11 532 4 522 5 15 268 510 0.52 0.0590 0.0010 0.651 0.010 0.0800 0.0010 567 15 509 6 496 6 16 558 1872 0.30 0.0585 0.0011 0.647 0.011 0.0802 0.0008 547 43 506 6 497 5 17 168 564 0.30 0.0579 0.0014 0.605 0.013 0.0757 0.0009 527 55 480 8 470 5 18 388 861 0.45 0.0604 0.0007 0.683 0.007 0.0820 0.0009 617 10 528 4 508 5 19 340 649 0.52 0.0597 0.0011 0.623 0.010 0.0757 0.0009 594 17 492 6 470 6 20 323 1155 0.28 0.0593 0.0007 0.637 0.007 0.0779 0.0008 578 11 500 4 483 5 21 96 340 0.28 0.0582 0.0008 0.667 0.008 0.0831 0.0009 537 12 519 5 514 5 22 463 1579 0.29 0.0593 0.0005 0.667 0.005 0.0816 0.0008 579 10 519 3 505 5 23 253 538 0.47 0.0598 0.0007 0.695 0.008 0.0844 0.0009 596 11 536 5 522 5 24 479 1590 0.30 0.0593 0.0006 0.645 0.006 0.0789 0.0008 578 10 505 4 489 5 二长花岗岩(TW185/70-1) 1 172 265 0.42 0.0586 0.0014 0.673 0.017 0.0828 0.0011 554 51.8 522 10.0 513 6.4 2 126 218 0.30 0.0578 0.0015 0.675 0.019 0.0840 0.0011 520 57.4 524 11.2 520 6.6 4 111 199 0.24 0.0569 0.0017 0.676 0.020 0.0861 0.0012 487 58.3 525 11.9 532 7.0 5 492 612 0.31 0.0573 0.0012 0.694 0.017 0.0867 0.0013 502 46.3 535 10.1 536 7.6 6 160 315 0.24 0.0564 0.0013 0.677 0.016 0.0859 0.0010 478 51.8 525 9.8 531 5.7 7 155 283 0.45 0.0571 0.0015 0.674 0.018 0.0848 0.0011 494 57.4 523 10.8 525 6.8 8 112 244 0.23 0.0594 0.0017 0.691 0.020 0.0837 0.0011 583 67.6 533 12.0 518 6.7 9 205 402 0.43 0.0565 0.0013 0.660 0.017 0.0833 0.0010 472 51.8 514 10.2 516 5.7 10 180 339 0.39 0.0581 0.0015 0.684 0.019 0.0843 0.0010 600 57.4 529 11.3 522 5.8 11 181 336 0.85 0.0577 0.0013 0.687 0.018 0.0851 0.0010 517 51.8 531 10.5 527 6.0 12 193 334 0.30 0.0571 0.0013 0.660 0.016 0.0827 0.0009 498 45.4 515 9.5 512 5.4 13 234 391 0.68 0.0612 0.0014 0.717 0.017 0.0841 0.0009 656 51.8 549 9.9 521 5.6 14 197 346 0.39 0.0603 0.0016 0.700 0.019 0.0832 0.0010 617 52.8 539 11.2 515 5.9 15 385 403 0.21 0.0582 0.0015 0.669 0.018 0.0824 0.0011 600 55.6 520 11.0 510 6.4 17 149 265 0.52 0.0642 0.0019 0.751 0.021 0.0846 0.0011 746 63.0 569 12.4 523 6.7 19 211 373 0.30 0.0586 0.0015 0.679 0.017 0.0832 0.0009 550 55.5 526 10.1 515 5.6 20 207 334 0.30 0.0565 0.0014 0.687 0.019 0.0867 0.0011 472 53.7 531 11.2 536 6.7 22 221 311 0.45 0.0563 0.0015 0.664 0.018 0.0842 0.0011 461 26.9 517 11.0 521 6.3 23 147 239 0.52 0.0553 0.0020 0.646 0.024 0.0839 0.0012 433 81.5 506 14.5 520 7.2 24 137 227 0.28 0.0652 0.0024 0.785 0.029 0.0860 0.0013 789 78.9 588 16.4 532 8.0 25 113 219 0.28 0.0575 0.0018 0.682 0.021 0.0853 0.0012 522 73.1 528 12.5 528 7.3 26 104 177 0.29 0.0575 0.0020 0.683 0.023 0.0857 0.0013 509 74.1 528 13.6 530 7.6 27 184 330 0.47 0.0563 0.0015 0.647 0.017 0.0825 0.0010 461 26.9 506 10.4 511 5.9 28 244 371 0.30 0.0577 0.0015 0.658 0.018 0.0816 0.0010 520 57.4 513 10.7 506 6.0 31 141 247 0.57 0.0605 0.0021 0.701 0.025 0.0837 0.0012 620 74.1 539 14.6 518 7.3 32 220 351 0.63 0.0593 0.0016 0.681 0.018 0.0824 0.0011 576 57.4 527 11.1 510 6.4 表 2 中寒武世花岗岩主量元素(%)分析结果
Table 2. Major element composition (%) of the Middle Cambrian granites
样品编号 1 2 3 4 5 岩性 糜棱岩化二长花岗岩 片麻状花岗闪长岩 糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩 花岗质初糜棱岩 片麻状二长花岗岩 SiO2 72.11 67.83 69.4 68.56 75.76 TiO2 0.36 0.46 0.4 0.51 0.19 Al2O3 14.37 15.49 14.2 14.02 12.71 Fe2O3 0.59 1.29 0.96 1.32 0.57 FeO 2.37 2.8 2.33 2.62 0.52 MnO 0.05 0.09 0.07 0.08 0.01 MgO 0.63 0.9 1.47 1.83 0.33 CaO 2.26 3.05 3.45 3.71 2.06 Na2O 3.62 3.99 2.81 2.72 3.53 K2O 2.6 2.75 3.23 3.22 3.61 P2O5 0.11 0.16 0.16 0.11 0.035 LOI 0.46 0.69 1.06 0.81 0.42 TOTAl 99.54 99.48 99.55 99.52 99.74 σ 1.38 1.38 1.33 1.83 1.56 DI 80.61 75.97 73.83 71.7 88.24 A/CNK 1.115 1.027 0.987 0.954 0.945 Na2O/K2O 1.39 1.45 0.87 0.84 0.98 表 3 中寒武世花岗岩微量元素(×10-6)分析结果
Table 3. Trace element composition (×10-6) of the Middle Cambrian granites
样品编号 1 2 3 4 5 岩性 糜棱岩化二长花岗岩 片麻状花岗闪长岩 糜棱岩化花岗闪长岩 花岗质初糜棱岩 片麻状二长花岗岩 Rb 58.97 71.12 92.01 111.6 69.854 Sr 198.85 292.6 224.05 219 219.195 Ba 689.24 681.25 523.09 510.96 782.779 Th 9.03 8.7 7.98 8.77 12.44 U 1.13 2.43 1.8 3.85 2.722 Nb 13.17 15.67 4.19 6.26 10.05 Ta 0.61 0.95 0.4 0.74 0.855 Zr 210 216.5 129.7 158 135.024 Hf 5.7 5.61 3.47 4.09 3.237 Ni 2.4 2.26 8.56 9.99 3.69 Cr 7.29 7.95 22.46 22.59 4.79 V 17.23 23.25 67.37 84.98 12.089 Sc 8.44 10.08 11.03 13.25 5.124 Cs 1.43 2.72 2.97 4.96 1.112 La 66.67 57.62 53.54 68.17 27.766 Ce 140.4 115.3 120.5 156.8 50.13 Pr 16.94 13.07 15.01 20.93 5.787 Nd 62.64 51.57 58.41 83.36 21.72 Sm 10.43 9.48 10.99 16.7 4.771 Eu 2.19 2.36 2.44 3.38 0.798 Gd 9.46 9.14 9.85 14.35 5.24 Tb 1.18 1.09 1.27 2.02 0.83 Dy 5.88 5 5.93 10.24 5.066 Ho 1.16 0.94 1.14 2 1.112 Er 3.26 2.49 3.09 5.16 3.197 Tm 0.5 0.35 0.47 0.79 0.53 Yb 3.4 2.2 2.97 4.98 3.481 Lu 0.53 0.33 0.43 0.69 0.54 Y 31.82 23.61 29.91 50.93 30.02 ΣREE 179.9 186.1 90.85 103.14 130.97 LREE/HREE 11.80 11.58 10.37 8.68 5.55 (La/Yb)N 22.44 13.47 8.6 6.48 5.38 δEu 0.61 0.64 0.74 0.68 0.49 δCe 0.91 0.9 0.9 0.91 0.91 -
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