Geohazard monitoring and risk management of high-steep slope in the Wudongde dam area
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摘要: 文章以金沙江下游乌东德水电站坝区右岸水垫塘高陡边坡为例，系统探索了高度超过500 m的高陡边坡地质灾害调查识别与监测预警技术。针对常规方法难以准确捕捉高陡边坡危岩体变形破坏特征这一问题，创新采用了"登山攀岩速降技术与地质调查、工程地质测绘相结合"的方法，在乌东德水电站坝区水垫塘高陡边坡共调查识别了178个危岩体。在此基础上，通过构建分布式光纤应变实时监测系统和具有明显裂缝的危岩体布设拉绳位移传感器，实现了高陡边坡危岩体形变的实时监测，监测结果与实际危岩体变形一致。此外，在高程580~1600 m的坡体上还布设了6个地震动监测台站，捕捉到了包括2016年12月8日乌东德地震和2017年3月12日的鲁甸地震在内的大量地震加速度数据，并以此分析了乌东德地震波作用下的岩体动力响应特征，结果显示该边坡处于基本稳定状态。上述研究思路和方法对西南水电站高陡边坡稳定性监测预警和风险评估具有借鉴意义。Abstract: Taking the high-steep slope of Shuidiantang of the Wudongde dam on the Jinsha River as an example, this paper explores systematically the early warning technology and risk management of the high-steep slope monitoring with a height of over 500 m. Rock mass collapse often occurs at slopes with the gradient greater than 70°, and it is difficult to identify. With the method of rock climbing technique, geological survey and geological mapping, the high precision identification and analysis of the dangerous rock mass is achieved. Totally, 178 dangerous rocks are identified. On the basis of this result, the distributed optical fiber strain monitoring and the pull-line displacement sensor of the fractured rock are distributed to monitor in real-time the deformation of the rock mass. The monitoring data are in agreement with the reality. Furthermore, six seismic monitoring stations were set up between the slope of the elevation of 580~1600 m. Many seismic acceleration data were caught, including that of the Wudongde earthquake on December 8, 2016 and the Ludian earthquake on March 12, 2017. On the basis of these data, the stability and dynamic response of the Wudongde earthquake on this high-steep slope are analyzed. The results show that this slope is in the basically stable state. The ideas and methods of high-steep slope warning and risk assessment of southwest hydropower stations are of reference significance.
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图 1 金沙江下游乌东德坝区右岸高陡边坡影像图
Figure 1. Images of the high-steep slope on the right bank of the Wudongde dam area in the Jinsha River area
图 2 乌东德水电站坝区水垫塘高陡边坡危岩体调查识别方法
Figure 2. Investigation and identification methods for dangerous rock mass of the Shuidiantang high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area
图 3 乌东德水电站坝区水垫塘高陡边坡危岩体分布立面图（白色圈曲线为危岩体）
Figure 3. Distribution and three types of failure of dangerous rock mass of the Shuidiantang high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area. White loops indicate the dangerous rock masses
图 4 乌东德水电站坝区水垫塘高陡边坡危岩体物联网模式分布式光纤监测系统布设示意图
Figure 4. Layout of the distributed optical fiber sensor system based on the Internet of Things for dangerous rock masses of the Shuidiantang high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area
图 5 乌东德水电站坝区水垫塘高陡边坡危岩体分布式光纤应变监测曲线图
Figure 5. Strains from the distributed optical fiber sensor system for dangerous rock masses of the Shuidiantang high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area
图 6 乌东德坝址区鸡冠山梁子高陡边坡工程地质剖面及地震台站布设剖面
1—会理群落雪组第八段中—厚层状灰岩；2—会理群落雪组第七段中—厚层状灰岩；3—震旦系观音崖组薄层白云岩夹薄层砂质泥岩、页岩；4—第四系崩坡积物；5—地层界线；6—地震动监测点
Figure 6. Geological section and layout of seismic stations of the Jiguanshanliangzi high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area
图 7 乌东德坝址区鸡冠山梁子监测点4、5、6号台站实测地震加速度记录
Figure 7. Seismic accelerations from the NO. 4, 5, and 6 station in the Jiguanshanliangzi high-steep slope in the Wudong dam area
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