Two-phase motion analysis system for landslide-induced impulse wave based on the particle image velocimetry
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摘要: 滑坡-涌浪灾害威胁沿河两岸居民生产生活安全和航道安全。当前尚缺乏同步提供流固两相运动矢量的相关物理试验分析系统，以深刻分析滑坡-涌浪产生机制。文章提出了基于流固两相识别的粒子图像测速（PIV）技术和试验实现方法。利用2560×1024像素的工业相机，该PIV技术可实现在3 m×1.5 m视窗下最小1.17 mm的空间分辨率和0.01 s内最小0.117 m/s的观测速度。同时，提出了与该系统方法有关的误差来源和克服相关问题的解决方法。利用相关硬件设施示范性构建了滑坡-涌浪两相运动观测平台，并编制了专门的解算软件。对三维柱体颗粒崩塌、二维柱体颗粒崩塌及其涌浪和水下崩塌-涌浪进行了展示性试验，取得了良好效果。该系统可以揭示广泛的岩土体及水体运动全过程，具有很好的应用前景；将为滑坡-涌浪及相关动力学领域研究提供强有力的研究工具。Abstract: Landslide-induced impulse wave disasters threaten the safety of production and life of residents along both sides of the river and the safety of navigation channels. However, there is still a lack of relevant physical experimental analysis system to provide fluid-solid two-phase motion vector synchronously to deeply analyze the mechanism of impulse wave generated by landslide. In this paper, the particle image velocimetry (PIV) and experimental implementation method based on fluid-solid two-phase recognition are proposed. This PIV technique can achieve a minimum spatial resolution of 1.17 mm and a minimum observation speed of 0.117 m/s in 0.01 s with a 2560×1024-pixel industrial camera under a 3 m×1.5 m observation window. The error sources related to this system and the solutions to overcome the related problems are proposed. A two-phase motion observation platform for landslide and its impulse wave is constructed by related hardware facilities, and a special resolving software is compiled. The demonstration tests of three-dimensional granular pillar collapse, two-dimensional granular column collapse and its impulse wave and underwater collapse-induced impulse wave have been carried out, and good results have been achieved. This system can reveal the whole process of rock, soil and water movement, and has good application prospects. It will provide a powerful research tool for landslide-induced impulse wave and related dynamics research.
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图 1 平面粒子图像测速的光学采集系统
i、j是X、Y坐标系在照片中的映射坐标系，一般会根据X、Y坐标系重新建立一个图像的局部坐标系；X(x, t)是指x点随时间t的位置变化
Figure 1. Optical collecting system for planar particle image velocimeter
图 2 滑坡涌浪试验装置平台示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of experiment platform for landslide-induced impulse wave
图 3 三维柱状颗粒体试验装置
Hi—初始颗粒柱体高度；di—初始颗粒柱体厚度
Figure 3. 3D granular pillar experiment device
图 4 柱体崩塌瞬时图像及其瞬时速度场
a、b和c、d分别是XY平面和XZ平面相邻瞬时图像；e、f分别是a、b和c、d图像解算速度场
Figure 4. Instantaneous images of the pillar collapse and the instantaneous velocity field
图 6 不同时刻柱体崩塌颗粒瞬时运动场
Figure 6. Instantaneous motion field of the collapse of column at different times
图 7 不同时刻柱体崩塌产生涌浪过程
红色为颗粒运动速度，青色为水体运动速度
Figure 7. Formation process of impulse wave generated by the collapse of the column at different times
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