NEW UNDERSTANDING OF THE TECTONIC FRAMEWORK AND EVOLUTION DURING THE NEOPROTEROZOIC-PALEOZOIC ERA IN THE EAST TIANSHAN MOUNTAINS
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摘要: 基于基础地质调查获得的新资料，对涉及东天山新元古代-古生代大地构造演化格局存在争议或认识模糊的准噶尔-吐哈地块、北天山洋盆和康古尔洋盆的属性及相互时空关联进行了重新界定。提出准噶尔-吐哈地块为相对刚性的、深部为0.8~0.55 Ga新生地壳但表层存在>1.0 Ga古老陆壳残片的具有大洋高原性质的统一块体，北界范围随着北部边缘的裂拚演化过程而随时间发生变化。基于对吐哈地块与中天山之间新发现的大草滩蛇绿岩以及其他蛇绿混杂岩带的系统梳理，提出古生代两阶段不同性质的洋盆演化模型。具有显著不同板块分隔意义的北天山洋盆主要出现于寒武-中泥盆世，代表长期分隔准噶尔-吐哈地块与中天山-塔里木板块的主大洋，而康古尔古洋盆是石炭纪-早二叠世早期叠加在已经缝合的北天山洋盆的古大陆边缘体系之上重新打开的持续时间较短的有限小洋盆。结合近年来其他相关研究新成果，重新构建了东天山地区新元古代-古生代构造演化模型。Abstract: Based on the new data obtained from the geological survey, the properties and temporal and spatial correlation of the Junggar-Tuha block, North Tianshan ocean basin and Kanggur ocean basin during the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic era in the East Tianshan mountains are redefined. It is proposed that the Junggar-Tuha block is a relatively rigid unified block with the characteristics of oceanic plateau with juvenile crust of 0.8~0.55 Ga in depth and some>1.0 Ga old crust fragments on the surface. The northern boundary of the block changed with time as the evolution of its northern margin. Based on newly defining of the Dacaotan ophiolite and systematic carding of other ophiolites between the Junggar-Tuha block and the Middle Tianshan block, we suggest two stages of the oceanic basin evolution in the Paleozoic era to the south of the Junggar-Tuha block. The North Tianshan oceanic basin was developed in the earlier stage occurred in the Cambrian-Middle Devonian, representing the main oceanic basin which significantly separated the Junggar-Tuha block from the Middle Tianshan-Tarim plate for a long time. The Kanggur oceanic basin, however, is a small re-opened limited oceanic basin developed in the Carboniferous-Early Permian with a short duration which was superimposed on the sewn paleo-continental margin of the North Tianshan Ocean. Combined with other new research achievements in recent years, tectonic evolution model during the Neoproterozoic-Paleozoic in the East Tianshan mountains is reconstructed.
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图 3 卡拉麦里-莫钦乌拉断裂两侧地层对比表
Figure 3. Stratigraphic correlation on the both sides of the Kelameili-Moqinwula fault
图 4 大草滩蛇绿岩南北两侧砂岩的碎屑锆石U-Pb年龄结构对比
a—北侧未卷入混杂岩带的志留纪—早泥盆世砂岩; b—南侧卷入蛇绿岩带中的早泥盆世砂岩
Figure 4. Detrital zircon U-Pb age comparison between the Silurian-Early Devonian sandstone to the north side of the Dacaotan ophiolite belt and the Early Devonian sandstone in the south part of the ophiolite belt
图 5 上泥盆统康古尔塔格组与大草滩蛇绿构造混杂岩的不整合关系及其时代和构造背景
a、b—康古尔塔格组与下伏地层之间的角度不整合接触关系；c—康古尔塔格组下部安山岩锆石U-Pb年龄协和图；d—康古尔塔格组火山岩Ta/Yb-Th/Yb构造环境判别图；e—康古尔塔格组底部含巨大砾石的陆相磨拉石堆积
Figure 5. Unconformity relationship between the Upper Devonian Kanggurtag Formation and the Dacaotan ophiolitic mélanges, and its age and tectonic setting
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