APPLICATION AND TREND OF NUMERICAL SIMULATION IN DYNAMIC STUDY OF OROGENIC BELT IN CHINA
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摘要: 数值模拟为造山带动力学研究提供了有效的量化工具，但即使研究人员根据造山带不同的动力问题进行针对性模拟，也很难对各种模型的优劣进行判断。文章在研究和分析国内外学者运用数值模拟研究中国造山带动力学成果的基础上，系统总结了造山带动力学数值模拟的方法及研究成果，并对未来的研究方向及趋势进行了展望。与国外造山带研究相比，中国复杂造山带的数值模拟研究仍存在不足，需要加强洋—陆俯冲模拟结果与实际地质情况的对比力度。运用多场耦合以及高精度模拟和高级求解方法相结合的数值模拟是造山带动力学模拟研究的趋势。Abstract: Numerical simulation provides an effective tool for the study of orogenic dynamics. Depending on the different dynamic problems in orogenic belts, the researchers have carried out various simulations, which is difficult to judge their advantages and disadvantages. With that in mind, based on the review and analysis of the orogenic belt dynamics in China by numerical simulation, the numerical simulation methods and results of orogenic belt dynamics are summarized, and the prospects and the future research direction are presented. At present, numerical simulation technology has made remarkable progress in the study of orogenic dynamic simulation in China, but there are still some shortcomings compared with foreign orogenic belt research, such as the simulation study of the Pacific plate subduction to Eastern China. This requires enhancing the contrast between the Ocean-Continent subduction simulation results and the actual geology. Meanwhile, the application of Multi-field coupled 3D models and the combination of high-precision simulation and advanced solution methods is the trend of orogenic dynamics simulation research.
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Key words:
- China /
- orogenic belt /
- dynamics /
- numerical simulation /
- multi-field coupling /
- high-precision simulation
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表 1 不同数值计算方法的特点
Table 1. Characteristics of different numerical simulation methods
数值计算方法 原理 特点 代表软件 有限元(FEM，Finite Element Method) 将离散后的未知求解单元用节点插值函数近似，通过求解高阶代数求出未知量的近似解 隐式求解离散单元插值函数方程，对复杂的边界几何处理灵活 ANSYS、COMSOL等 有限差分(FDM，Finite Difference Method) 用差分表达式近似替代未知的偏微分方程，转化为求解代数方程组 显式求解差分方程，有利于求解非线性、大形变等问题 FLAC系列 边界元(BEM，Boundary Element Method) 把未知求解方程转化为边界积分方程，通过求线性方程得到边界积分方程解 用简单的单元描述边界形状，具有降低维度和高精度的优点，但求解过程需要先得到微分方程算子的基本解 Poly3D等 
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表 3 部分数值模拟应用于中国造山带动力学研究现状一览表
Table 3. A summary of the application of numerical simulations to the dynamics of orogenic belts in China
参考文献 几何模型 本构关系 控制方程 求解方法 断层处理 主要解决的问题 Tapponnier和Molnar[35] 2D平面 塑性 解析法 未考虑 大陆挤出对高原隆起的作用 Royden等[40] 3D 牛顿流体 解析法 未考虑 西藏东部地表变形和下地壳流的关系 傅容珊等[26] 2D 幂律流变体 Stokes方程 FEM 未考虑 引入剥蚀修正参数，模拟青藏高原隆升过程 孙玉军等[41] 热力-2D 黏塑性体 热固体平衡方程 FEM+MIC 未作处理 地壳流变强度差异对青藏高原东北缘岩石圈变形方式的影响 Lechmann等[42] 热力-3D(高精度) 与温度相关黏体 热流固平衡方程 FEM 软弱带、位移约束 定量分析现代印度—亚洲碰撞对高原动力的影响 Chen等[43] 热力-3D(高精度) 与温度相关黏体 FDM+MIC 连续介质 在印-亚碰撞中，地壳流变学对青藏高原形变机制 Neil和Houseman[17] 2D平面薄层 幂律流变体 流固平衡方程 FEM 未考虑 印度板块的远程效应如何通过青藏高原，越过塔里木，使天山隆起 Liu等[12] 2D剖面模型 弹塑性、黏塑性 热流固平衡方程 FEM+MIC 未考虑 天山地幔对流对天山复活的作用 Lei等[44] 热力-3D 与温度相关黏体 固体静态平衡方程 FEM 软弱带 天山新生代隆起机制 詹华明等[13] 2D 地壳为弹塑体，软流圈为黏弹性 热固平衡方程 FDM 连续介质 东昆仑晚三叠幔源岩浆底侵与昆仑造山岩石圈拆沉的相关性 杨辉等[15] 2D 黏弹体 固体平衡方程 FEM 未作处理 龙门山造山带及邻区重力场特征与动力学响应 柳畅等[16] 3D 黏弹体 “飞箭有限元程序自动生成系统”+FEM 未作处理 龙门山断裂带应力积累及大震复发周期 王飞等[14] 热-2D 热弹塑性和黏性体 FEM 接触面 地幔热物质侵入到地壳中对大别地区构造应力场、位移场的影响 范桃园等[18] 热-2D 牛顿黏性流体 热流平衡方程 FEM 未处理 大别—苏鲁超高压变质带P-T-t轨迹的动力学模拟 Dai等[45] 热-2D 黏塑体 热固平衡方程 FDM+MIC 连续介质 后造山阶段大别造山带的延伸的机制 武红岭等[46] 热-2D 幂律流变体 Stokes方程 FEM 未处理 前陆砥柱对大巴弧形构造形成的机制 王瑞瑞等[11] 2D平面 弹性体 固体平衡方程 FEM 软弱带 城口—房门弧形断裂对大巴弧形构造的机制
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