阿拉斯加北坡区域地质演化及油气资源

张春宇; 赵越; 王珞

阿拉斯加北坡区域地质演化及油气资源

张春宇^{1, 2,},
赵越²,
王珞²

1.
中国石油大学地球科学学院, 北京 102249
2.
中国地质科学院地质力学研究所, 北京 100081

基金项目: (CHINARE2013-04-03-09)

详细信息

作者简介:
张春宇(1990-), 男, 陕西西安人, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向沉积学及石油地质学。E-mail:sheep5678@163.com

中图分类号: TE121.3
计量
- 文章访问数: 193
- HTML全文浏览量: 148
- PDF下载量: 14
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-06-05
- 刊出日期: 2014-12-28

GEOLOGICAL EVOLUTION AND HYDROCARBON RESOURCES POTENTIAL IN NORTH SLOPE, ALASKA

1.
College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
2.
Institute of Geomechanics, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100081, China

摘要

摘要: 在收集国内外资料的基础上, 分析研究阿拉斯加北坡地区的构造演化过程, 地层序列及演化阶段, 并对本区石油勘探历史, 地质特征和油气资源进行了总结。确定了4个主要地层序列, 分别为富兰克林层序(密西西比系之下), 埃尔斯米尔层序(密西西比系-三叠系), 波弗特层序(侏罗系-下白垩统)和布鲁克斯层序(下白垩统-第四系)。阿拉斯加北坡地区经历了比较复杂的演化过程, 北坡盆地即位于此。盆地主要经历了3个演化阶段, 分别为埃尔斯米尔造山阶段、同裂谷阶段和前陆阶段。本区具有石油远景的岩石大多在密西西比纪及之后的地层中, 它们记录了整个被动大陆边缘、裂谷和前陆盆地构造阶段地层序列和地质方面的演化。本区油气潜力巨大, 勘探历史悠久。石油和天然气的未探明储量分别为244.9×10⁸桶和2.905×10¹² m³, 页岩油约9.4×10⁸桶, 页岩气约1.19×10¹² m³。
- 地层特征 /
- 地质演化 /
- 油气资源 /
- 阿拉斯加北坡
Abstract: Based on the collected data and materials, we analyze the evolution of tectonic and stratigraphy in the North Slope of Alaska and conclude the history of exploration, geological features and the hydrocarbon resources. Four major sequences are described here which are Franklinian sequence (older than Mississippian), Ellesmerian sequence (Mississippian to Triassic), Beaufortian sequence (Jurassic to Lower Cretaceous) and Brookian sequence (Lower Cretaceous to Quaternary) respectively. The North Slope of Alaska has gone complicated history of evolution where The North Slope basin evolved here. The basin has experienced three major evolutions which are Ellesmerian orogeny, rift and foreland basin tectonic stage. The North Slope has a large petroleum potential and has gone through a long exploration history. Petroleum prospective rocks in the province, are mostly Mississippian and younger, recording a sequential geological evolution through passive margin, rift and foreland basin tectonic stage. The main mean of undiscovered resources include 24.3 billion barrels of oil, 102.6 trillion cubic feet of gas, 0.94 billion barrels of shale oil and 42 trillion cubic feet of shale gas.
- stratigraphic characteristics /
- geological evolution /
- hydrocarbon resources /
- the Alaska North Slope

HTML全文

图 1 阿拉斯加北坡平面构造图(据文献[3]修改)

Figure 1. A map showing the structures in the North Slope of Alaska

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 B-B′地震剖面图(剖面位置见图 1，据文献[12]修改)

Figure 2. Seismic cross section map from B-B′

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 A-A′地震剖面图(剖面位置见图 1，LCU表示下白垩统不整合面，据文献[20]修改)

Figure 3. Seismic cross section map from A-A′

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 阿拉斯加北坡地区地层序列(据文献[16]修改)

R—已知的油气储集层; F—要塞山组; N—那努舒克组; T—图卢瓦克组

Figure 4. Generalized chronostratigraphy in the North Slope of Alaska

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 北坡地区纵向剖面图（剖面位置见图 1 C-C′，据文献[16]修改)

Figure 5. Cross section map of the North Slope

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 北坡地区油气资源分布(据文献[31]修改)

Figure 6. Distribution of oil and gas resources in the North Slope area

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 北坡地区资源储量(据文献[31]修改)

Table 1. The assessment of oil and gas reserves in the North Slope

区域	油藏			气藏
区域	石油/10⁸桶	伴生气/10¹² m³	天然气凝析液/10⁸桶	非伴生气/10¹² m³	天然气凝析液/10⁸桶
国家石油储备区	104.7	0.328	2.1	1.793	6.8
北坡中部	34.1	0.102	0.8	0.711	2.9
1002区域	105.3	0.135	1.9	0.108	1.3
北坡西部	0.8	0.001	0	0.293	1.2
合计	244.9	0.566	4.8	2.905	12.2

下载: 导出CSV

参考文献(38)

[1]	Bank K, Gibson K, Houle J, et al. Regional Geology of the North slope of Alaska [J/OL]. http://dog.dnr.alaska.gov/GIS/Data/NSResourceSeries/NorthSlope_Resource_Series_Regional_Geology.pdf, 2008.
[2]	Arlen E. Oil and Gas Basins Map of Alaska[R]. Sepcial Report 32. Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 1983.
[3]	Decker P L. Brookian Sequence Stratigraphic Correlations, Umiat Field to Milne Point Field, West-central North Slope, Alaska[R]. Preliminary Interpretive Report 2007-2 Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 2007.
[4]	Hubbard R J, Edrich S P, Rattery R P. Geologic evolution and hydrocarbon habitat of the 'Arctic Alaska microplate'[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 1987, 4(1): 2~34. doi: 10.1016/0264-8172(87)90019-5
[5]	Lane L S. Devonian-Carboniferous paleogeography and orogenesis, northern Yukon and adjacent Arctic Alaska[J]. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, 2007, 44(5): 679~94. doi: 10.1139/e06-131
[6]	Strauss J V, Macdonald F A, Taylor J F, et al. Laurentian origin for the North Slope of Alaska: Implications for the tectonic evolution of the Arctic[J]. Lithosphere, 2013, 5(5): 477~482. doi: 10.1130/L284.1
[7]	Embry A F. Geological and geophysical evidence in support of the hypothesis of anticlockwise rotation of northern Alaska[J]. Marine Geology, 1990, 93: 317~329. doi: 10.1016/0025-3227(90)90090-7
[8]	Wahrhaftig C. Physiographic divisions of Alaska[M/OL]. http://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0482/report.pdf, 1965.
[9]	Mayfield C F, Tailleur I L, Ellersieck I. Stratigraphy, structure, and palinspastic synthesis of the western Brooks Range, northwestern Alaska[C]//Geology and Exploration of the National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska, 1974-1982G. US Geological Survey Professional Paper, 1988: 143-186.
[10]	Moore T E, Potter C J, O'Sullivan P B, et al. Two stages of deformation and fluid migration in the west-central Brooks Range fold and thrust belt, northern Alaska[J]. AAPG Hedberg Series, 2004, 1: 157~186.
[11]	Lerand M. Beaufort Sea[C]//McCrossan R G. The future petroleum provinces of Canada: Their geology and potential. Alberta: Canadian Society of Petroleum Geologists, 1973: 315~386.
[12]	Kulander C S, Grow J A, Potter C J, et al. Interpreted regional seismic reflection lines, National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska[R]. U S Geological Survey, 2005.
[13]	Grantz A M, May S D, Hart P E. Geology of the Arctic continental margin of Alaska[C]//Grantz A, Johnson L, Sweeney J F. The geology of North America: The Arctic Ocean region.Colorado: Geologic Society of America, 1990: 257~288.
[14]	Bird K J, Molenaar C M. The North Slope foreland basin, Alaska[C]//AAPG. AAPG memoir: Foreland basins and fold belts. Tulsa: AAPG, 1992: 363~393.
[15]	Moore T E, Wallace W K, Bird K J, et al. Geology of northern Alaska[M]. Colorado: Geological Society of America, 1994: 49~140.
[16]	Houseknecht D W, Bird K J. Sequence stratigraphy of the Kingak shale (Jurassic-Lower Cretaceous), National Petroleum Reserve in Alaska[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2004, 88(3): 279~302. doi: 10.1306/10220303068
[17]	Bird K J, Houseknecht D W. Geology and petroleum potential of the Arctic Alaska petroleum province[M]. London: Geological Society, 2011: 485~499.
[18]	Holenaar C M. Depositional history and seismic stratigraphy of Lower Cretaceous rocks, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska and adjacent areas[R]. U S Geological Survey, 1981.
[19]	Nilsen T H. Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian redbeds, Brooks Range, Alaska[C]//Sedimentation and tectonics in alluvial basins: Geological Association of Canada Special Paper, 1981: 187~219.
[20]	Decker P L. Brookian sequence stratigraphic framework of the northern Colville foreland basin, central North Slope, Alaska[R]. Anchorage: Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys, 2010.
[21]	Grantz A M, Eittreim S, Dinter D A. Geology and tectonic development of the continental margin north of Alaska[J]. Tectonophysics, 1979, 59(1): 263~291.
[22]	Noonan W G. Post-Ellesmerian depositional sequences of the North Slope subsurface[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1987, 65(4): 674~686.
[23]	Houseknecht D W. Brookian stratigraphic plays in the National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska (NPRA)[R]. U S Geological Survey, 2003.
[24]	Houseknecht D W, Bird K J, Schenk C J. Seismic analysis of clinoform depositional sequences and shelf-margin trajectories in Lower Cretaceous (Albian) strata, Alaska North Slope[J]. Basin Research, 2009, 21(5): 644~654. doi: 10.1111/bre.2009.21.issue-5
[25]	Plafker G, Berg H C. Overview of the geology and tectonic evolution of Alaska[C]//The geology of Alaska. Colorado: Geological Society of America, 1994: 989~1021.
[26]	Miller E L, Gehrels G E, Pease V, et al. Stratigraphy and U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology of Wrangel Island, Russia: Implications for Arctic paleogeography[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94(5): 665~692. doi: 10.1306/10200909036
[27]	Magoon L B. Alaska North Slope oil-rock correlation study: Analysis of North Slope crude[M]. Tulsa: U S American Association of Petroleum Geologists, 1985.
[28]	O'Sullivan P B, Murphy J M, Blythe A E. Late Mesozoic and Cenozoic thermotectonic evolution of the central Brooks Range and adjacent North Slope foreland basin, Alaska: Including fission track results from the Trans-Alaska Crustal Transect (TACT)[J]. Journal of Geophysical Research, 1997, 102(B9): 20821~20845. doi: 10.1029/96JB03411
[29]	Kelley J S, Foland R L. Structural style and framework geology of the coastal plain and adjacent Brooks Range[J]. US Geological Survey Bulletin, 1987, 1778: 255~270.
[30]	Moore T E, Nilsen T H. Regional variations in the fluvial Upper Devonian and Lower Mississippian(?) Kanayut Conglomerate, Brooks Range, Alaska[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 1984, 38(1/4): 465~497.
[31]	Attanasi E D, Freeman P A. Economics of undiscovered oil and gas in the North Slope of Alaska:Economic update and synthesis[R]. US Geological Survey, 2009.
[32]	Alaska Division of Oil & Gas. Annual Report 2013[J/OL]. http://dog.dnr.alaska.gov/Publications/Documents/AnnualReports/2013_Annual_Report.pdf, 2014.
[33]	Morgridge D L. Geology and Discovery of Prudhoe Bay Field, Eastern Arctic Slope, Alaska[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1970, 54(10): 489~501.
[34]	Bird K J. Petroleum exploration of the North Slope in Alaska, USA[R]. U S Geological Survey, 1981.
[35]	高新详.北海和阿拉斯加油气区[M].北京:石油工业出版社, 1988. GAO Xin-xiang. Oil and Gas provinces in North Sea and Alaska[M]. Beijing: Petroleum Industry Press, 1988.
[36]	Peters K E, Magoon L B, Bird K J, et al. North Slope, Alaska: Source rock distribution, richness, thermal maturity, and petroleum charge[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(2): 261~292. doi: 10.1306/09210505095
[37]	Gautier D L, Bird K J, Charpentier R R, et al. Oil and gas resource potential north of the Arctic Circle[J]. London Geological Society Memoirs, 2011, 35(1): 151~161. doi: 10.1144/M35.9
[38]	Houseknecht D W, William A R, Christopher P G. Assessment of potential oil and gas resources in source rocks of the Alaska North Slope[R]. U S Geological Survey, 2012.